<p>The Eternity Range is a range of mountains 28 mi long, rising to 2,860 m, and trending north-south approximately in the middle of the Antarctic Peninsula, in the Palmer Land region of Antarctica.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Eternity Range is divided into three main mountain blocks, the major summits in each from north to south being Mount Faith, Mount Hope, and Mount Charity. These four names were applied by Lincoln Ellsworth who discovered the range from the air during his flights of November 21 and November 23, 1935.</p><br>
<h2>Expeditions</h2><br>
<p>In November 1936, the range was surveyed by John Riddoch Rymill of the British Graham Land Expedition who gave the name "Mount Wakefield" to the central mountain in the range. This complication by Rymill, and uncertainty as to the precise location or extent of Ellsworths discovery, hindered for a time a resolution of its nomenclature (i.e., following the USA Antarctic Service expedition in 1939–41, the name Eternity Range or Eternity Mountains was incorrectly applied to the present Welch Mountains 60 mi farther south). A careful study of the original reports, maps and photographs, and comparison with materials from subsequent expeditions such as the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947, and the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, 1960, has led to the conclusion that the range described comprises at least the core of Ellsworths Eternity Range and appropriately commemorates his discovery. The name "Wakefield", given by Rymill, has been transferred to nearby Wakefield Highland.</p><br>
<p>Beaufort Island is an island in Antarctica&#39;s Ross Sea. It is the northernmost feature of the Ross Archipelago, lying 21 km north of Cape Bird, Ross Island. It is approximately 18.4 km² in area. It was first charted by James Clark Ross in 1841. Ross named the island for Sir Francis Beaufort, hydrographer to the British Royal Navy.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Beaufort Island is the eroded remains of a stratovolcano and is made of basalt. It is semi circular in shape. The highest point in the island is Paton Peak, at 771 m. The island has varied terrain and habitats. Much of the western side of the island is covered by moderately sloping ice fields with ice cliffs about 20 m high on the coast. The east and south sides of the island are mostly free of ice, with steep inaccessible cliffs that rise straight from the sea. Here the ice-free ground has a gentle slope and has ponds in summer and small meltwater streams that drain to the coast.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>Beaufort Island is designated an Antarctic Specially Protected Area to preserve its natural ecological system and to protect its varied and numerous bird species. The island is isolated and difficult to access and is visited infrequently by people. It is largely undisturbed by direct human activity, and there have been fewer opportunities for the introduction of exotic species than other locations in the Ross Sea. Although some studies have been conducted on the island, it has not been comprehensively studied.</p><br>
<p>There is a small colony of breeding emperor penguins on nearshore sea ice at the north end of the island. There is a large Adélie penguin colony on a raised beach called Cadwalader Beach at the south-western end of the island. The island also has several breeding colonies of south polar skua.</p><br>
<p>The island has an extensive area of vegetation on a moraine bench 5 - above the beach at the north end of the island. The moraine bench is up to 50 m wide. The vegetation is dominated by the moss species Bryum argenteum. It is the most extensive and continuous area of mosses known of in the McMurdo Sound region. There is also a diverse community of algae. This location is one of the most southerly locations where red snow algae (Chlamydomonas sp., Chloromonas sp., and Chlamydomonas nivalis) are found. The location is favourable for vegetation growth because of warm summer temperatures. Its northerly aspect and the shelter provided by high ice cliffs protect against southerly winds. Water is supplied from the ice-cliffs and snow banks.</p><br>
<p>The Dailey Islands are a group of small volcanic islands lying off the coast of Victoria Land, 5 nmi northeast of Cape Chocolate, in the northern part of the ice shelf bordering McMurdo Sound. They were discovered by the British National Antarctic Expedition, 1901–04, under Robert Falcon Scott, and named for Fred E. Dailey, the expedition carpenter.</p><br>
<p>The Dailey Islands are:</p><br>
<p>West Dailey Island (77&deg;53&prime;S latitude, 164&deg;54&prime;E longitude), the largest and westernmost of the islands, located 5 nmi northeast of Cape Chocolate. Though visited by Scotts Discovery expedition, which named the island group, this western island appears to have been named by Scotts British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13.</p><br>
<p>Juergens Island (77&deg;53&prime;S latitude, 165&deg;2&prime;E longitude) is 1.5 nmi east of West Dailey Island. It was named after Eric D. Juergens of Antarctic Support Associates, co-manager of a United States Antarctic Program project to clean up Antarctic waste sites beginning in 1991. He became director of safety, environment, and health activities, 1992–99, with heightened emphasis on environmental protection.</p><br>
<p>Hatcher Island (77&deg;53&prime;S latitude, 165&deg;4&prime;E longitude), on the east side of Juergens Island, 2 nmi east of West Dailey Island; Named after John H. Hatcher, III of ASA, who initiated a comprehensive waste management program for the USAP in 1992; he continued through 1999 as manager of the program.</p><br>
<p>Uberuaga Island (77&deg;53&prime;S latitude, 165&deg;17&prime;E longitude), an island 0.5 nmi long that is the easternmost feature in the Dailey Islands. It was named after Julia Mary Uberuaga, who from 1979 to 1999 made 20 consecutive Antarctic seasonal deployments working for contractors in support of USAP. She worked at South Pole Station as general field assistant the first two seasons; from 1981, she worked for 15 seasons as heavy equipment operator at Williams Field, McMurdo Sound, with assignments at field camps including Siple Dome, Siple Station, and Byrd Surface Camp. The last few seasons she operated a Caterpillar D7 Pearl on McMurdo Ice Shelf.</p><br>
<p>Kuechle Island (77&deg;52&prime;S latitude, 165&deg;13&prime;E longitude), an island lying 1 nmi northwest of Uberuaga Island that is the northernmost feature in the Dailey Islands. It was named after Valerian B. (Larry) Kuechle, a University of Minnesota electrical engineer with USAP who studied population dynamics and behavior of Weddell seals at Erebus Bay and McMurdo Sound, from 1968-69 to 1971-72.</p><br>
<p>Borchgrevink Glacier  is a large glacier in the Victory Mountains, Victoria Land, draining south between Malta Plateau and Daniell Peninsula, and thence projecting into Glacier Strait, Ross Sea, as a floating glacier tongue, the Borchgrevink Glacier Tongue, just south of Cape Jones. It was named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition, 1957–58, for Carsten Borchgrevink, leader of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1898–1900. Borchgrevink visited the area in February 1900 and first observed the seaward portion of the glacier.</p><br>
<p>The Borchgrevink Glacier has several contributing glaciers:</p><br>
<p>*Ingham Glacier ({{coord|72|50|S|168|38|E|type:glacier_region:AQ}}), a tributary glacier 3 miles (5 km) west of Humphries Glacier, flowing south into Borchgrevink Glacier; mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, between 1960 and 1962. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Clayton E. Ingham, New Zealand geophysicist at Hallett Station, 1957.</p><br>
<p>*Humphries Glacier ({{coord|72|51|S|168|50|E|type:glacier_region:AQ}}), a steep tributary glacier just east of Ingham Glacier, flowing generally southwestward to join Borchgrevink Glacier northwestward of Mount Prior. It was mapped by the USGS from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, between 1960 and 1962, and named by US-ACAN for John G. Humphries, New Zealand ionospheric scientist at Hallett Station, 1957.</p><br>
<p>*Behr Glacier ({{coord|72|55|S|168|5|E|type:glacier_region:AQ}}), a steep tributary glacier, 7 miles (11 km) long, flowing east along the north side of Clapp Ridge to join Borchgrevink Glacier. The glacier first appears on a 1960 New Zealand map compiled from U.S. Navy aerial photographs. Named by US-ACAN for Col. Robert Behr, USAF, who was of assistance in the review of U.S. policy toward Antarctica in the 1970-71 period.</p><br>
<p>*Hand Glacier ({{coord|72|58|S|168|5|E|type:glacier_region:AQ}}), a deeply entrenched valley glacier that drains the east slopes of Malta Plateau and flows east along the south side of Clapp Ridge into the Borchgrevink Glacier. It was mapped by the USGS from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos between 1960 and 64, and was named by US-ACAN for Cadet H. Hand, biologist at McMurdo Station, in 1967-68.</p><br>
<p>*Line Glacier ({{coord|72|59|S|167|50|E|type:glacier_region:AQ}}), a glacier that drains the south part of the east slopes of Malta Plateau and flows east between Collins Peak and Mount Alberts into Borchgrevink Glacier; mapped by the USGS from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos between 1960 and 1964, and named by US-ACAN for Kenneth Line, traverse engineer with the United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) glaciological party at Roosevelt Island, 1967-68.</p><br>
<p>*Bargh Glacier ({{coord|73|5|S|168|46|E|type:glacier_region:AQ}}), a glacier 6 miles (10 km) long in the southwest part of Daniell Peninsula, 2 miles (3 km) north of Langevad Glacier, whose stream it parallels, and flows southwest to enter Borchgrevink Glacier; mapped by the USGS from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos between 1960 and 1964; named by US-ACAN for Kenneth A. Bargh, seismologist at Hallett Station, in 1958.</p><br>
<p>*Langevad Glacier ({{coord|73|8|S|168|50|E|type:glacier_region:AQ}}), located 2 miles (3 km) south of Bargh Glacier and just west of Narrow Neck, draining southwest from the Daniell Peninsula into the lower part of Borchgrevink Glacier. It was mapped by the USGS from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, between 1960 and 1964, and named by US-ACAN for Michael W. Langevad, electronics technician at Hallett Station, 1957.</p><br>
<p>Hochkönig is mountain group containing the highest mountain  in the Berchtesgaden Alps, Salzburgerland, Austria. The Berchtesgaden Alps form part of the Northern Limestone Alps.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>It lies to the west of the town of Bischofshofen in the Austrian state of Salzburg, 42 km due south of the city of Salzburg. Hochkönig is separated from the rest of the Berchtesgaden Alps, and more specifically from the Steinernes Meer (stone ocean) by the mountain pass Torscharte at 2246 m. The summit itself is at the southern edge of a large limestone plateau, which is covered by the glacier known as the "Übergossene Alm", however this glacier is currently shrinking at a rate of 6.2% per year, and is likely to vanish in the relatively near future.</p><br>
<p>The edge of the summit plateau is surrounded by an almost circular chain of mountains:</p><br>
<p>Hochseiler,</p><br>
<p>Lammkopf,</p><br>
<p>Hochkönig,</p><br>
<p>Großer Bratschenkopf,</p><br>
<p>Kleiner Bratschenkopf,</p><br>
<p>Torsäule,</p><br>
<p>Schoberköpfe, und</p><br>
<p>Floßkogel,</p><br>
<p>Eibleck,</p><br>
<p>Hohes Tenneck,</p><br>
<h2>Hut</h2><br>
<p>In 1898, the Österreichischer Touristenklub (Austrian Tourism Club) built an alpine hut at the summit. The current building dates from 1985 and can sleep nearly one hundred mountaineers. The massif is also home to the High King Mountain Ski Area.</p><br>
<p>Enderby Island is part of the Auckland Islands archipelago, south of and belonging to New Zealand. It is situated just off the northern tip of Auckland Island, the largest island in the archipelago.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Evidence has been found of Polynesian settlement in the 13th and 14th centuries. This was at Sandy Bay, in a sheltered and relatively less inhospitable location, accessible to seal colonies.</p><br>
<p>The island was discovered by John Biscoe on 28 Feb. 1831.</p><br>
<p>On 20 March 1887, the Derry Castle, an iron barque registered in Boston, Massachusetts, ran aground off Enderby Island nine days into its journey. The ship was en route from Geelong, Victoria to Falmouth, Cornwall and was manned by a crew of twenty-three. It carried one passenger and a cargo of wheat. The Derry Castle was owned by P. Richardson & Co. and was under the command of Captain J. Goffe.</p><br>
<p>The surviving members of the Derry Castle crew found a castaway depot at Sandy Bay on Enderby Island. They proceeded to construct some further crude shelters around this depot. On a cliff overlooking the water, they buried the bodies of their fellow crew members that had washed ashore. The grave was marked with the ship&#39;s figurehead.</p><br>
<p>After 192 days the Derry Castle was officially posted as missing by Lloyds of London. On 21 September 1887, a 45-ton steamer, the Awarua, arrived in Hobsons Bay, Victoria, Australia, returning from an illegal sealing expedition in the Auckland Islands. On board the Awarua were the remaining eight survivors from the Derry Castle.</p><br>
<p>The Derry Castle grave site was maintained for many years by the New Zealand government until it sank into the ground. However, during World War II, the ships figurehead was resurrected by coastwatchers stationed on the islands in the Cape Expedition programme. The figurehead can now be viewed (along with other items from the wreck) at the Canterbury Museum in Christchurch, New Zealand. In its place, a tombstone now marks the site of the sailors graves.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<h3>Important Bird Area</h3><br>
<p>Enderby Island was cleared of introduced species, such as cattle, pig, rabbit and rat in 1994, and by 2015 the abundance of wildlife was notable compared with Auckland Island. The island is part of the Auckland Island group Important Bird Area (IBA), identified as such by BirdLife International because of the significance of the group as a breeding site for several species of seabirds as well as the endemic Auckland shag, Auckland teal, Auckland rail and Auckland snipe.</p><br>
<p>Other fauna include the brown skua, New Zealand pipit, New Zealand sea lion, northern giant petrel and yellow-eyed penguin. Dominant vegetation include rata forest and megaherbs such as the Campbell Island carrot.</p><br>
<h3>Rabbits</h3><br>
<p>A distinct variety of rabbit lived on Enderby Island. Rabbits are not indigenous to the island; their ancestors were brought from Australia in October 1865 to serve as food for shipwreck survivors. Following their introduction, the population was isolated for almost 130 years. The rabbits were eradicated from the island in the early 1990s, though some were rescued and the breed survives in captivity. Enderby Island rabbits are predominantly silver-grey in colour but a recessive gene ensures that a small percentage is cream or beige.</p><br>
<h3>Cattle</h3><br>
<p>As with rabbits, cattle were introduced to Enderby Island in the late 19th century. Shorthorn cattle were brought to the island by whalers in 1894 where they proceeded to survive on kelp and other island flora, becoming a distinctive wild variety. By the mid-1980s, the cattle had nearly denuded Enderby Island of its growth, a problem that came to the attention of New Zealands Department of Conservation. In response, efforts were made to eradicate cattle on the island. By the mid-1990s, only one cow, Lady&#39;, remained. Lady was taken to mainland New Zealand in February 1993. Since then she has been the subject of intense efforts to save the variety, efforts that have included cloning. Lady died in May 2009, aged more than twenty years.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Enderby Island is perched on the Campbell Plateau and is composed of eroding volcanic remains from eruptions that occurred between 25 and 10 million years ago.</p><br>
<p>Rose Island is an uninhabited island, and with an area of 121 hectares the fifth largest of the Auckland Islands group, a subantarctic chain that forms part of the New Zealand Outlying Islands.</p><br>
<p>It is located in the northeast of the group, in the mouth of Port Ross, Auckland Island and south west of the larger Enderby Island. It was stocked with rabbits and provided with a boatshed for the relief of castaways during the nineteenth century. The rabbits have since been eradicated by the Department of Conservation, and provides a secure home for a population of Auckland Islands teal. The vegetation on Rose contains rata, and while much original vegetation has been destroyed, it is less modified than much of the Auckland Islands.</p><br>
<p>Galtymore or Galteemore is a 919 m  mountain on the border between counties Limerick and Tipperary, Republic of Ireland. It is the highest of the Galty Mountains and the 14th highest peak in Ireland. Galtymore is informally referred to as one of the Irish Munros and is classed as a Furth by the Scottish Mountaineering Club, i.e. a 3,000 footer outside Scotland.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Galtymore sits near the middle of the east–west Galty mountain ridge. To the east of Galtymore is Galtybeg (799 m) and to the west is Slievecushnabinnia (766 m).</p><br>
<p>The slopes of Galtymore are steep but the summit is broad, rounded and rocky. This is due to the constant freeze-thaw action experienced by the summit during the last ice age. The north face shows much evidence of glacial erosion. It harboured a number of corrie glaciers, most of which are now occupied by loughs. Lough Diheen lies between Galtymore and Galtybeg, while Lough Curra lies between Galtymore and Slievecushnabinnia.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing Galtymore</h2><br>
<p>Galtymore is not a difficult mountain to climb (no special equipment is needed), but the Galtees are steeper than many Irish mountains and the north face is often snow-covered in the winter months. A popular starting point for the ascent of Galtymore is the "Black Road" which can be accessed from the R639 road near the village of Skeheenarinky.</p><br>
<p>Green Spring Plantation in James City County about five miles  west of Williamsburg, was the 17th century plantation of one of the more popular governors of Colonial Virginia in North America, Sir William Berkeley, and his wife, Frances Culpeper Berkeley.</p><br>
<p>Sir William Berkeley, who served several terms, is perhaps the best-known of Virginia&#39;s colonial governors. Contrary to popular belief the well-known Berkeley Plantation in nearby Charles City County was not named in his honor.</p><br>
<p>Today, a section of the land that formed the core of Green Spring Plantation is part of the Colonial National Historical Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The name Green Spring Plantation originated from the natural spring on the site, which continues over 350 years later to produce huge quantities of very beautifully clear, ultra cold water. The Green Spring produced a flow "so very cold that &#39;twas dangerous drinking the water thereof in Summer-time," wrote a visitor in the 1680s."</p><br>
<p>The plantation house at Green Spring was built in 1645. The plantation originally encompassed a 2,090 acre experimental farm.</p><br>
<p>Seeking alternative export products to supplement tobacco, which had become the Colony&#39;s mainstay, Green Spring produced flax, fruits, potash, rice, silk, and spirits, which were shipped to markets in North America, the West Indies, Great Britain, and Holland.</p><br>
<p>The plantation was owned by Governor William Berkeley until his death in 1677. When Berkeley&#39;s widow Lady Frances married Philip Ludwell, ownership passed to him, and then to his son Philip Ludwell II and grandson Philip Ludwell III.</p><br>
<p>Green Spring Plantation witnessed many historic events, including the beginnings of slavery in Virginia, Bacon&#39;s Rebellion in 1676, the Battle of Green Spring during the American Revolutionary War in 1781, the emancipation of its slaves in 1804, by the will of William Ludwell Lee, son of William Lee, and the nearby Battle of Williamsburg in 1862 during the Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War. A second mansion on the site was burned during the Civil War.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In modern times, about 200 acre of the original plantation are preserved by the National Park Service (NPS) as part of the Colonial National Historical Park, which acquired the property in 1966. The site includes archaeological and architectural remnants of the manor house and ancillary structures. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 29, 1978. It has been argued by historian Virginia B. Price that numerous Virginia county courthouses, including Hanover, King William, and Nelson, are, “arguably, the Green Spring house’s architectural legacy.”</p><br>
<p>With archaeological work underway, plans call for construction of a parking lot, a small reception center, water and sewer facilities, and a network of trails, planned to be opened by 2008. The project at Green Spring Plantation is supported by NPS partners, Friends of the National Park Service for Green Spring, Inc. and James City County.</p><br>
<p>Lambert Glacier is a major glacier in East Antarctica. At about 60 miles  wide, over 250 miles  long, and about 2,500 m deep, it holds the Guinness world record for the world&#39;s largest. It drains 8% of the Antarctic ice sheet to the east and south of the Prince Charles Mountains and flows northward to the Amery Ice Shelf. It flows in part of Lambert Graben and exits the continent at Prydz Bay.</p><br>
<p>This glacier was delineated and named in 1952 by American geographer John H. Roscoe who made a detailed study of this area from aerial photographs taken by Operation Highjump, 1946–47. He gave the name "Baker Three Glacier", using the code name of the Navy photographic aircraft and crew that made three flights in this coastal area in March 1947 resulting in geographic discoveries. The glacier was described in Gazetteer No. 14, Geographic Names of Antarctica (U.S. Board on Geographic Names, 1956), but the feature did not immediately appear on published maps. As a result the name Lambert Glacier, as applied by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia in 1957 following mapping of the area by Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions in 1956, has become established for this feature. It was named for Bruce P. Lambert, Director of National Mapping in the Australian Department of National Development.</p><br>
<h2>Remote sensing</h2><br>
<p>The glacier is important in the study of climate change because very small changes in the climate can have significant consequences for the flow of ice down the glacier. Most studies of the Lambert Glacier are done with remote sensing due to the harsh conditions in the area.</p><br>
<p>The photo reproduced here (above) shows a small tributary right-flank glacier flowing down from the ice-covered East Antarctic Plateau, flanked by slower-moving ice flowing down over a steep escarpment. The ice-fall which so impressively illustrates the flow characteristics of glacier ice is only about 6 km wide, and Lambert Glacier proper is off the bottom right corner of the photo. The ice here is flowing at about 500 m per year, but velocities of over 1200 m per year are known at the edge of the Amery Ice Shelf, which is fed by this gigantic stream of ice.</p><br>
<p>On the lower photo north is at the bottom, and the ice velocities are approximately as follow:</p><br>
<p>Mount Menzies is the culminating peak  on the large massif between Mount Mather and Mount Bayliss, standing on the south side of Fisher Glacier, Antarctica. It was sighted by Flying Officer J. Seaton from an ANARE Beaver aircraft in 1956, and mapped by an ANARE southern seismic party under K.B. Mather in 1957–58. Mount Menzies was named by ANCA after the Rt. Hon. Robert Menzies, Prime Minister of Australia, 1939–41 and 1949–66.</p><br>
<h2>First Ascent</h2><br>
<p>Mount Menzies was first reached and climbed by Dave Keyser, Jim Seavers and Dave Trail, in December 1961. With two teams of five dogs each, this three-man party left Mawson Station early in November, accompanying a five-man tractor party (G. Maslen, I. Todd, G. Wilkinson, R. Wyers and W. Young) to recover a D-4 Caterpillar tractor left for lack of fuel on the polar plateau at latitude 70°34 South. The three-man dog sledge party continued south to a small plywood caravan left at Binders Base at 72°36 South by the 1960 Mawson party, in order to re-provision and sledge on to the Fisher Glacier. Crevasses slowed the party, but one day sufficed to cross the glacier, and after inspecting the formidable ice-falls on the south side on Mt. Menzies, the party climbed the mountain from the north, plodding through the night – mainly over moraine – to reach the summit at midnight on 19 December 1961.</p><br>
<p>From Mt Menzies, the party sledged further south and east in unsuccessful attempts (prevented by crevasses) to reach Keyser Ridge and Mount Ruker. The party then crossed the Fisher Glacier on better ground from the north-east end of the Menzies Massif directly to Seavers Nunataks and from there, returned to Binders Base on 31 December. The dog sledge party then reached Mawson on 27 January 1962.</p><br>
<p>The Prince Charles Mountains are a major group of mountains in Mac. Robertson Land in Antarctica, including the Athos Range, the Porthos Range, and the Aramis Range. The highest peak is Mount Menzies . Other prominent peaks are Mount Izabelle and Mount Stinear . These mountains together with other scattered peaks form an arc about 260 miles long, extending from the vicinity of Mount Starlight in the north to Goodspeed Nunataks in the south.</p><br>
<p>These mountains were first observed and photographed from a distance by airmen of USN Operation Highjump, 1946-47. They were examined by several ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) parties and mapped in the years 1954-61. They have been found to contain large deposits of iron ore. They were named by ANCA in 1956 for Prince Charles, the eldest son and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II.</p><br>
<h2>List of key mountains</h2><br>
<p>Mount Afflick (70&deg;46&prime;S latitude, 66&deg;11&prime;E longitude) is a ridge-like mountain about 3 mi west of Mount Bunt in the Aramis Range. Plotted from Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions air photos taken in 1960. Named by ANCA for G.M. Afflick, weather observer at Mawson Station in 1965.</p><br>
<p>Mount Bayliss (73&deg;32&prime;S latitude, 62&deg;44&prime;E longitude) is a relatively low mountain, extending 9 nautical miles (17 km) in an east-west direction, standing 6 nautical miles (11 km) east of Mount Menzies. Observed from ANARE aircraft in 1957 and seen in the same year by an ANARE ground party under K.B. Mather. Named by ANCA for E.P. Bayliss, Australian cartographer, who drew the map of Antarctica published in 1939 by the Property and Survey Branch, Dept. of Interior, Canberra.</p><br>
<p>Mount Bunt (70&deg;46&prime;S latitude, 66&deg;22&prime;E longitude) is a sharp, conical peak, 2,315 m high, which appears slightly truncated when viewed from the northwest, situated at the southwest end of a group of low peaks about 7 nmi southeast of Mount Hollingshead in the Aramis Range. It was sighted in January 1957 by the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions southern party led by W.G. Bewsher, and named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for J.S. Bunt, a biologist at Mawson Station in 1956.</p><br>
<p>Mount Cartledge (70&deg;17&prime;S latitude, 65&deg;43&prime;E longitude) is a mountain just east of Mount Albion in the Athos Range. It was plotted from Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions air photos of 1965, and named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for W.J. Cartledge, plumber at Wilkes Station in 1962, and carpenter at Mawson Station in 1966.</p><br>
<p>Mount Gibson (71&deg;20&prime;S latitude, 66&deg;20&prime;E longitude) is a small mountain about 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km) west of Mount Cameron and 3 nautical miles (6 km) south of Schmitter Peak. Plotted from ANARE air photos taken in 1956 and 1960. Named by ANCA after P.R. Gibson, plumber at Wilkes Station in 1965.</p><br>
<p>Mount Izabelle (72&deg;10&prime;S latitude, 66&deg;30&prime;E longitude) is a bare rock mountain standing 12 miles (19 km) southwest of the Shaw Massif. Discovered from an ANARE Beaver aircraft on November 28, 1956, while engaged in aerial photography. Named by ANCA for B. Izabelle, weather observer at Mawson Station in 1957.</p><br>
<p>Mount Meredith (71&deg;12&prime;S latitude, 67&deg;45&prime;E longitude) is a fairly massive, almost flat-topped mountain standing 10 nmi north of Fisher Massif. It was photographed from Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions aircraft in 1956 and 1957, and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for Sergeant N. Meredith, RAAF, an engine fitter at Mawson Station in 1957.</p><br>
<p>Mount Rymill (73&deg;03&prime;S latitude, 65&deg;50&prime;E longitude) is a fairly massive mountain with an undulating surface marked by extensive formation of stone polygons, standing 6 mi W of Mount Stinear. Photographed from the air by ANARE, 1956-58. Named by ANCA for John Riddoch Rymill, leader of the British Graham Land Expedition, 1934-37.</p><br>
<p>Schmitter Peak (71&deg;16&prime;S latitude, 66&deg;21&prime;E longitude) is a small mountain peak about 3 mi SW of Mount Woinarski. Plotted from ANARE air photos taken in 1956 and 1960. Named by ANCA for U. Schmitter, cook at Davis Station in 1964.</p><br>
<p>Shaw Massif (72&deg;01&prime;S latitude, 66&deg;51&prime;E longitude) is a fairly flat-topped rock massif (1,355 m) on the west margin of Lambert Glacier standing 20 km south of Mount Willing. Sighted in November 1956 from an ANARE aircraft. Named by ANCA for Bernard Shaw, radio supervisor at Mawson Station in 1957.</p><br>
<p>Simon Ridge (71&deg;03&prime;S latitude, 65&deg;30&prime;E longitude) is an arc-shaped rock ridge about 13 km southeast of Husky Massif. Plotted from ANARE air photos taken in 1960. Named for M.J. Simon, radio officer at Wilkes Station in 1962.</p><br>
<p>Mount Stinear (73&deg;04&prime;S latitude, 66&deg;24&prime;E longitude) is a prominent rock peak on a large massif rising to 1,950 m, standing just east of Mount Rymill at the junction of Fisher Glacier and Lambert Glacier. It was mapped from air photos taken by the RAAF Antarctic Flight in 1956, and first visited in October 1957 by an ANARE party led by Bruce H. Stinear, geologist at Mawson Station, for whom it is named.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<h3>Aramis Range</h3><br>
<p>Amery Peaks:</p><br>
<p>Other features in the Aramis Range:</p><br>
<h3>Athos Range</h3><br>
<h3>Porthos Range</h3><br>
<h3>Other features</h3><br>
<p>Allison Ridge</p><br>
<p>Armonini Nunatak</p><br>
<p>Baggott Ridge</p><br>
<p>Bain Crags</p><br>
<p>Bainmedart Cove</p><br>
<p>Baldwin Nunatak</p><br>
<p>Baseline Nunataks</p><br>
<p>Beaver Lake (Antarctica)</p><br>
<p>Bennett Escarpment</p><br>
<p>Binders Nunataks</p><br>
<p>Bond Ridge</p><br>
<p>Bosse Nunatak</p><br>
<p>Brocklehurst Ridge</p><br>
<p>Carpenter Nunatak</p><br>
<p>Carter Peak</p><br>
<p>Chapman Nunatak</p><br>
<p>Clague Ridge</p><br>
<p>Collins Glacier</p><br>
<p>Cumpston Massif</p><br>
<p>Davern Nunatak</p><br>
<p>Dohle Nunatak</p><br>
<p>Edwards Nunatak</p><br>
<p>Edwards Pillar</p><br>
<p>Ellyard Nunatak</p><br>
<p>Ely Nunatak</p><br>
<p>Fisher Massif</p><br>
<p>Flagstone Bench</p><br>
<p>Foale Nunatak</p><br>
<p>Fossil Wood Point</p><br>
<p>Francey Hill</p><br>
<p>Geysen Glacier</p><br>
<p>Glossopteris Gully</p><br>
<p>Goodall Ridge</p><br>
<p>Goodspeed Nunataks</p><br>
<p>Gorman Crags</p><br>
<p>Grainger Valley</p><br>
<p>Hall Nunataks</p><br>
<p>Hudson Nunatak</p><br>
<p>Keyser Ridge</p><br>
<p>Kilfoyle Nunataks</p><br>
<p>Lensink Peak</p><br>
<p>Machin Nunatak</p><br>
<p>Mayman Nunatak</p><br>
<p>McLean Ridge</p><br>
<p>Mellor Glacier</p><br>
<p>Moore Pyramid</p><br>
<p>Mount Abbs</p><br>
<p>Mount Bakker</p><br>
<p>Mount Beck</p><br>
<p>Mount Bensley</p><br>
<p>Mount Bewsher</p><br>
<p>Mount Bloomfield</p><br>
<p>Mount Brown-Cooper</p><br>
<p>Mount Butterworth</p><br>
<p>Mount Cresswell</p><br>
<p>Mount Dowie</p><br>
<p>Mount Dummett</p><br>
<p>Mount Forecast</p><br>
<p>Mount Gibson</p><br>
<p>Mount Gleeson</p><br>
<p>Mount Grimsley</p><br>
<p>Mount Hayne</p><br>
<p>Mount Hicks</p><br>
<p>Mount Hollingshead</p><br>
<p>Mount Johnston</p><br>
<p>Mount Lanyon</p><br>
<p>Mount Lugg</p><br>
<p>Mount Mather</p><br>
<p>Mount Mather</p><br>
<p>Mount McCarthy</p><br>
<p>Mount McCauley</p><br>
<p>Mount McMahon</p><br>
<p>Mount Meredith</p><br>
<p>Mount Newton</p><br>
<p>Mount Ormay</p><br>
<p>Mount Reu</p><br>
<p>Mount Rubin</p><br>
<p>Mount Ruker</p><br>
<p>Mount Scherger</p><br>
<p>Mount Seddon</p><br>
<p>Mount Sundberg</p><br>
<p>Mount Thomas</p><br>
<p>Mount Trott</p><br>
<p>Mount Turnbull</p><br>
<p>Mount Willing</p><br>
<p>Mount Wishart</p><br>
<p>Mount Woinarski</p><br>
<p>Murray Dome</p><br>
<p>Nemesis Glacier</p><br>
<p>Nilsson Rocks</p><br>
<p>O&#39;Keefe Hill</p><br>
<p>O&#39;Leary Ridges</p><br>
<p>Pagodroma Gorge</p><br>
<p>Pardoe Peak</p><br>
<p>Patrick Point</p><br>
<p>Sandilands Nunatak</p><br>
<p>Saxton Ridge</p><br>
<p>Scanlan Peak</p><br>
<p>Scylla Glacier</p><br>
<p>Seavers Nunataks</p><br>
<p>Sullivan Nunataks</p><br>
<p>Taylor Platform</p><br>
<p>Thomson Massif</p><br>
<p>Vrana Peak</p><br>
<p>Walker Valley</p><br>
<p>Wall Peak</p><br>
<p>Webster Peaks</p><br>
<p>White Massif</p><br>
<p>Jeptha Knob is the highest point in the Bluegrass region of Kentucky. It is located on private property in Shelby County, Kentucky, about eight miles east of Shelbyville near the hamlet of Clay Village and rises some 300 ft  higher than the surrounding rolling farmland.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The knob is located almost exactly midway between Lexington and Louisville and is the symbolic dividing point between both cities&#39; hinterlands. There are four points in the area that contend for the highest point. The location and elevation given here is that of a National Geodetic Survey benchmark.</p><br>
<h2>Impact structure</h2><br>
<p>The Kentucky historical marker at its base calls it a "cryptovolcanic structure", but it is now believed to be the result of an asteroid impact some 425 million years ago. Iridium apparently has been found in anomalously high levels in breccias associated with the structure.</p><br>
<p>The Benson Hotel is a 287-room historic hotel building in downtown Portland, Oregon, United States.</p><br>
<p>It is owned and operated by Coast Hotels & Resorts. It was originally known as the New Oregon Hotel, and is commonly known as "The Benson". It has a reputation as one of Portland&#39;s finest hotels. The hotel is named after notable businessman and philanthropist Simon Benson. The Benson is the seventh largest hotel in Portland based on the number of rooms.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Simon Benson had wished to build a world-class hotel in Portland. During the population boom which occurred between the 1905 Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition and the Great Depression, Benson fulfilled his wish.</p><br>
<p>The firm of Doyle, Patterson & Beach designed the main hotel building in French Second Empire style; Chicagos Blackstone Hotel served as an inspiration of the buildings design. The hotel opened on March 5, 1913 as an annex to the adjacent Oregon Hotel, on the southern half of the block. It was known as the New Oregon Hotel for 16 months, then renamed The Benson Hotel after Benson took over management.</p><br>
<p>Benson sold the hotel to William Boyd and Robert Keller in 1919. They, in turn, sold it to Seattle-based Western Hotels in 1944. In 1959, the old Oregon Hotel building next door was demolished by Western to make way for a 175-room annex to the 1912 building. Western International Hotels was renamed Westin Hotels in 1981, and the hotel became The Westin Benson. The Westin Benson was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. Westin Hotels sold the hotel to WestCoast Hotels (now Coast Hotels & Resorts) in 1988 and it returned to its original name.</p><br>
<p>El Gaucho Restaurant is on the ground floor of the building.</p><br>
<p>The Jimi Hendrix Experience drummer Mitch Mitchell died in his hotel room at the Benson Hotel on November 12, 2008.</p><br>
<p>Sierra Negra  is an extinct volcano located in the Mexican state of Puebla, close to the border with Veracruz. At officially 4,580 m above sea level, it is the fifth-highest peak in Mexico. However, because it is overshadowed by nearby Pico de Orizaba , it is not too well known and often left out of lists of Mexico&#39;s mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Sierra Negra is located within the Pico de Orizaba National Park. The summit is the site for one of the world&#39;s premier astronomical instruments, the Large Millimeter Telescope. Therefore, the access to the mountain is restricted and has to be applied for at least a week in advance. The service road for this facility is claimed to be the highest road in North America. A part of the telescope facility is visible as a white dot in the first picture below and more clearly in the second picture.</p><br>
<p>The Spanish word sierra is usually applied to mountain ranges or ridges. However, a few mountains were given the name sierra after the Conquest, like Sierra de Tlaxcala or Sierra de Tolocan (now outdated names for Malinche and Nevado de Toluca, respectively). As listed by the Mexican geographical institute INEGI, the official name for the Sierra Negra ("Black Mountains") is Cerro La Negra ("Black Lady Hill"), although the latter is largely unused in common speech. The Nahuatl names Tliltépetl ("Black Mountain") or Atlitzin ("Our Lord (or Lady) of the Waters") are sometimes attached. Speakers of Orizaba Nahuatl called the mountain Iztactepetl Icni ("Sibling of the White Mountain&quot the "White Mountain" being the Pico de Orizaba).</p><br>
<p>The mountain range to the east of the city of Tehuacán (south of but still in sight of the Pico de Orizaba), with such principal towns as Zoquitlán and Coyomeapan, is also known as the "Sierra Negra", which (unsurprisingly) can cause confusion.</p><br>
<p>Trimborn Farm is a Victorian era estate located in Greendale, Wisconsin and owned by Milwaukee County. Spanning 7.5 acres  and nine buildings, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The farm is also a State Historic Site and designated Milwaukee County Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1851, Werner Trimborn and Jacob Kier purchased an existing lime production business which covered ten acres (25 ha) on site. Kier left soon after, but Werner and his family continued on to become one of the largest producers of high quality lime in Wisconsin. At its height in the 1870s, the business held over 500 acres (1.2 km²; 1200 ha) of land and employed nearly 40 people.</p><br>
<p>With the 1900s came a drastic change in building materials, including the introduction of Portland cement. The estate was soon subdivided and sold off, with much of it going to the Theodore Vollmer family for use in dairy farming.</p><br>
<p>In 1919, the Froemming family purchased a large tract of land to build greenhouses on, a portion of which was later donated to Whitnall Park.</p><br>
<p>In 1935, the farm, along with 3,400 acres (8.4 km²; 8400 ha) of surrounding land, was purchased by the federal government as part of a planned agricultural community known as the Greendale Project. It is now the village of Greendale, Wisconsin.</p><br>
<p>After the Great Depression, the remaining farmland passed into private ownership, where it became home to crop dusters and a riding stable.</p><br>
<h2>Attractions</h2><br>
<p>The nine historic buildings and land which remain are part of the Milwaukee County Parks System. With the assistance of the Milwaukee County Historical Society, a variety of community events and activities are scheduled year-round.</p><br>
<p>Property highlights include:</p><br>
<p>Farmhouse &mdash; Constructed in Greek Revival style during the 1850s using Cream City brick, a distinctive, light colored brick made locally.</p><br>
<p>Granary &mdash; Built in the 1850s using a technique on the interior called brick noggin to protect against air infiltration. This building functioned as a bunkhouse and granary.</p><br>
<p>Lime Kilns &mdash; In the 1840s and 1850s four lime kilns were constructed to heat limestone taken from the nearby quarry and turn it in to lime powder.</p><br>
<p>Stone Barn &mdash; Beginning in 1858 it was built in three phases, using limestone from the quarry. Two concrete silos were added in 1920.</p><br>
<p>Threshing Barn &mdash; Built in 1858, using vertical board and batten siding. The barn was used to store grain and house animals.</p><br>
<p>Also part of the farm complex is the neighboring Jeremiah Curtin House, which is a unique stone house that was the boyhood home of noted American linguist and folklorist Jeremiah Curtin; it was later sold to the Trimborn family.</p><br>
<p>The Pioneer Courthouse is a federal courthouse in Portland, Oregon, United States. Built beginning in 1869, the structure is the oldest federal building in the Pacific Northwest, and the second oldest west of the Mississippi River.</p><br>
<p>Along with Pioneer Courthouse Square, it serves as the center of downtown Portland. It is also known as the Pioneer Post Office because a popular downtown Portland post office was, until 2005, located inside. The courthouse is one of four primary locations where the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit hears oral arguments. It also houses the chambers of the Portland-based judges on the Ninth Circuit.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in stages between 1869 and 1903, it was first occupied in 1875 by judge Matthew Deady. At that time the building was named the United States Building. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1977.</p><br>
<p>In March 1933, city engineer Olaf Laurgaard proposed tearing down the building to open a parking garage. John C. Ainsworth asked Oregon representative Charles Martin and Charles L. McNary to see if President Franklin D. Roosevelt would consider giving the structure and property to the city of Portland. Portland would then renovate the structure for the Oregon Historical Society and The Colonial Dames of America to use. Martin immediately replied that the timing was bad since Oregon was asking for funding of the Bonneville Dam, and it was likely illegal to donate a post office to a city. Ainsworth quickly came up with a new scheme: demolish the Pioneer Courthouse and build an office building for the Historical Society, the Boy Scouts, a theater, and a museum. A. E. Doyle, his architectural firm, the local chapter of the American Institute of Architects, the Colonial Dames, and The Oregon Journal sharply opposed destroying the building.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, plans for renovating the courthouse sparked an unusual conflict between Portland Democratic congressmen Earl Blumenauer and David Wu. Wu, whose district contains the courthouse, supported a plan that included removing the post office from the courthouse, and adding five parking spaces in its basement. Wus plan was ultimately adopted, and the $23.4 million renovation of the building was completed in December 2005. The work included the addition of base isolators to protect the historic structure from earthquakes, the secure judges parking area under the building, and the renovation of the lobby where the post office had been.</p><br>
<h2>Notable trials</h2><br>
<p>The trials of the Oregon land fraud scandal were held in the courthouse, beginning in 1904. These trials were documented at length in Stephen A. Douglas Puter&#39;s book Looters of the Public Domain.</p><br>
<p>Bivens Arm is a body of water in Gainesville, Florida. Located west of USA Route 441 and south of Archer Road, it is a part of Paynes Prairie. Bivens Arm is a small shallow lake covering approximately 189 acres in southwest Gainesville. Bivens Arm is a unique environment, which supports a wide diversity of plant and animal life in an urban setting. Tumblin Creek, which is fed by small springs and seeps, drains into Bivens Arm and is the primary source of drainage into the lake. Bivens Arm overflows onto Paynes Prairie and eventually discharges to the aquifer via Alachua Sink.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The early history of Bivens Arm is not well documented given that it is a relatively small body of water. The earliest known use of the land around the lake was as hunting grounds by Native Americans. Beginning in the late 1800s, the land was used mostly for agricultural purposes including cattle ranching, swine farms, vegetable farms, and orange groves. In the 1930s, Bivens Arm was designated as a bird sanctuary and rookery and even had a resident ranger to care for the sanctuary. In 1965, the state of Florida designated the lake area as a wildlife sanctuary (Bill No. 1356 Chap. 65 1005). In 1981, the City of Gainesville purchased the land between the lake and Williston Road (SR 331) to form the Bivens Arm Nature Park. This park features a lush Live Oak Hammock habitat and marshlands, which periodically become inundated with rising water levels from the lake.</p><br>
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<p>Hoher Dachstein is a strongly karstic Austrian mountain, and the second highest mountain in the Northern Limestone Alps. It is situated at the border of Upper Austria and Styria in central Austria, and is the highest point in each of those states. Parts of the massif also lie in the state of Salzburg, leading to the mountain being referred to as the Drei-Länder-Berg . The Dachstein massif covers an area of around 20×30 km with dozens of peaks above 2,500 m, the highest of which are in the southern and south-western areas. Seen from the north, the Dachstein massif is dominated by the glaciers with the rocky summits rising beyond them. By contrast, to the south, the mountain drops almost vertically to the valley floor.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The geology of the Dachstein massif is dominated by the so-called Dachstein-Kalk ("Dachstein limestone"), dating from Triassic times. In common with other karstic areas, the Dachstein is permeated by a rich cave system, including some of the largest caves in Austria, such as the Mammuthhöhle and the Hirlatzhöhle. Another significant tourist destination is the Eisriesenhöhle. The Dachstein is famous for its fossils, including Megalodonts; the Linzer Weg leads over many such fossils, which are referred to as Kuhtritte ("cattle footprints").</p><br>
<p>Glaciers are uncommon in the Northern Limestone Alps, and those on the Dachstein — the Hallstätter Gletscher ("Hallstatt glacier"), the Großer Gosaugletscher ("great Gosau glacier") and the Schladminger Gletscher ("Schladming glacier") — are the largest, as well as being the northernmost and the easternmost in the whole of the Alps. Several smaller ice-fields also exist, such as the Kleine Gosaugletscher ("lesser Gosau glacier") and the Schneelochgletscher ("snow-hole glacier"). The glaciers are retreating rapidly, and may disappear entirely within 80 years. The Hallstatt glacier withdrew by 20 m in the year 2003 alone.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>The summit was first reached in 1832 by Peter Gappmayr, via the Gosau glacier, after an earlier attempt by Erzherzog Karl via the Hallstätter glacier had failed. Within two years of Gappmayr&#39;s success a wooden cross had been erected at the summit. The first person to reach the summit in winter was Friedrich Simony, on 14 January 1847. The sheer southern face was first climbed on 22 September 1909 by the brothers Irg and Franz Steiner.</p><br>
<p>Being the highest point of two different Bundesländer, the summit is a popular goal in both summer and winter. In fine weather as many as 100 climbers may be attempting the ascent, leading to congestion at key sections of the climb.</p><br>
<h3>Routes</h3><br>
<p>The best-known routes are</p><br>
<p>Schulter-Anstieg: Simony Hütte - Hallstatt glacier - Dachsteinwarte - east ridge</p><br>
<p>Randkluft-Anstieg: Simony Hütte - Hallstatt glacier - north-east face</p><br>
<p>West ridge: Adamekhütte - Gosau glacier - Obere Windluke - west ridge</p><br>
<p>These routes require basic alpine equipment for crossing the glaciers and knowledge of climbing. The more interesting climbing routes are concentrated on the south face, the most famous among them being the Steinerweg (graded V) and the Pichlweg (graded IV).</p><br>
<p>Mount Français is a mountain which forms the summit of Anvers Island, Antarctica standing southeast of the center of the island and 6 miles north of Borgen Bay. Mount Français has an elevation of 2,760 m and is part of the Trojan mountain range.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mount Français was first seen by the members of the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, who explored the southeast coast of the island in 1898. It was later sighted by the French Antarctic Expedition team members, 1903–05, under Charcot, who named it for the expedition ship Français.</p><br>
<p>Mount Français was first summited on 7 December 1955 by Jim Rennie, Arthur Shewry, and Bill Hindson, members of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey who had spent the 1955 winter at Base E, newly constructed north of Arthur Harbor on Anvers Island.</p><br>
<p>Munroe Island  or Mundrothuruthu is an inland island located at the confluence of Ashtamudi Lake and the Kallada River, in Kollam district, Kerala, South India. The island, accessible by road, rail and inland water navigation, is about 25 km from Kollam by road, 38 km north from Paravur, 12 km west from Kundara and about 25 km from Karunagapally., the administrative village of Mundrothuruth  has a total population of 9599, consisting of 4636 males and 4963 females.</p><br>
<p>The place is named in honour of Resident Colonel John Munro of the former Princely State of Travancore. The island measures 13.4 km&sup2; in area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1795 the British established their supremacy in South India and the princely state of Travancore came under their governance. From 1800 onwards, a Resident was appointed by East India Company as administrative head of Travancore. The first Resident was Colonel Colin Macaulay, followed by Colonel John Munro. During his tenure Munro oversaw the land reclamation efforts in the delta where Kallada River joins Ashtamudi Lake and the reclaimed island was named after him as Munroe Island. The Dutch Church here in Munroe Island is one of the ancient churches in Kerala. It was built by the Dutch in 1878. The red brick church is a blend of Dutch-Kerala architecture on the scenic banks of Lake Ashtamudi.</p><br>
<p>The villagers depended on coconut coir manufacturing as livelihood, however, post Indian Ocean tsunami, things have changed.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The island village is a tourism destination where one can see the coir retting process, coir weaving, fishing, prawns feeding, migratory bird watch, narrow canals and waterways, coconut farms on the lake shore, lagoons, mangrove plants and the beautiful tiny islands of Pathupara.</p><br>
<p>Kallada Boat Race, which is one of the famous boat races in Kerala, is at Karuvathrakadavu- Muthiraparambu nettayam in Munroethuruth.</p><br>
<h2>Submerging Threat</h2><br>
<p>Low-lying areas of the Island are now under a threat of Submerging in high tides. This is post tsunami phenomena. An expert team from the Thangal Kunju Musaliar College of Engineering, Kollam has started a study into the phenomena. The team headed by Prof. Gouri Antharjanam, and consisting of Prof. Suniil Kumar, Prof. Sirajudeen, Prof. Sruthi. R. Krishnan, Prof. Amal Azad and Prof. Udayakumar made several visits to the Island. The death of Lans Naik Sudheesh of this island in the Border area at Siachin has invoked interest of the outer world to the problems of this Place.</p><br>
<p>Istor-o-Nal or इस्तोर-ओ-नल is the third highest mountain in the Hindu Kush, in the Chitral District of the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. It is the 68th highest independent peak in the world. It crowns a massif with eleven peaks of elevation more than 7,000 m. The peak is located a few kilometres northeast of Tirich Mir , across the Tirich Glacier. Because Istor-o-Nal is behind the higher peak of Tirich Mir from many viewpoints, it is not easily visible and therefore not well known.</p><br>
<p>The word "Istoro Nal" means horseshoe in the chitrali language (Istor means "horse"). The origin of the name is unclear.</p><br>
<p>Istor-o-Nal was first climbed on June 8, 1955 by the Americans Joseph E. Murphy, Jr., and Thomas A. Mutch, led by Pakistani Major Ken Bankwala, on a Princeton Mountaineering Club expedition. They climbed the west ridge, starting from the south side of the peak on the Tirich Glacier. Their small, minimally financed expedition (by the standards of the time for high-altitude mountaineering) achieved what was then the second highest summit attained by Americans.</p><br>
<p>Saraghrar  is the fourth highest independent peak in the Hindu Kush. The entire Saraghrar massif is a huge, irregular stretched plateau at elevation around 7,000 m, lying above vertical granite and ice faces, which protect it all around. Its distinct summits are poorly identified, and information gathered from expeditions that have visited the area is often misleading. The main summits are: NE summit , northwest summit , southwest summit , south summit  and southeast summit . To date , the northwest summit is the only unclimbed peak of the massif.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing history</h2><br>
<p>In 1958 a British team led by Ted Norrish made a first try on the northeast summit (7,349 m). This expedition was stopped by the death of member P. S. Nelson.</p><br>
<p>The year after, on August 24, 1959, the northeast peak was climbed for the first time by an Italian team led by Fosco Maraini and including Franco Alletto, Giancarlo Castelli, Paolo Consiglio, Carlo Alberto "Betto" Pinelli (the latter four reaching the top), Silvio Jovane, Franco Lamberti (expedition&#39;s doctor) and Enrico Leone, all members of the Italian Alpine Club (Rome section). They ascended via the Niroghi glacier on the northeast of the massif.</p><br>
<p>On August 24, 1967, Satoh Yukitoshi and Hara Hirosada, members of a Japanese expedition led by Kenichiro Yamamoto (Mountaineering club of Hitotsubashi University) reached the South Summit for the first time by the Rosh-Gol glacier.</p><br>
<p>In 1971, Nagano, member of a Japanese expedition (Shizuoka climbing club) led by Akiyama Reiske, summitted the SW peak for the first time on July 29.</p><br>
<p>Three Catalan expeditions in 1975, 1977 and 1982 tried the NW summit via a rocky route. On August 9, 1982, Juan Lopez Diaz (expedition leader), Enrique Lucas Llop and Nil Bohigas Martorell reached the northwest II summit (7,200 m).</p><br>
<p>In 2005, five members of a led by Jean-Michel Zweiacker reached the southeast summit (7,208 m) for the first time (Mazal Chevallier, Sébastien Grosjean and Yves-Alain Peter on July 24; Marc Bélanger and Jean-Michel Zweiacker on July 29).</p><br>
<p>Gillette Castle State Park straddles the towns of East Haddam and Lyme, Connecticut in the United States, sitting high above the Connecticut River. The castle was originally a private residence commissioned and designed by William Gillette, an American actor who is most famous for his portrayal of Sherlock Holmes on stage. Gillette lived at this estate from 1919-1937. The estate was purchased by the state of Connecticut in 1943 for a price of $5,000.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The park is located at 67 River Road in East Haddam and consists of the castle (located in Lyme) and its grounds. It receives 350,000 annual visitors. It reopened in 2002 after a four year, $11 million restoration. It now includes a visitors&#39; center and museum, hiking trails, and a picnic area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William Gillette&#39;s "castle", called Seventh Sister and renamed "Gillette Castle" by Connecticut State in 1943, was built between 1914 and 1919 with an addition completed in 1924 on a 184 acre tract at the top of the southernmost of a chain of hills known as the Seven Sisters. Gillette died having no children, and his will precluded the possession of his home by any "blithering sap-head who has no conception of where he is or with what surrounded". The State of Connecticut took over the property in 1943, renaming it Gillette Castle State Park. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Gillette original planned to build his retirement home on Long Island until he discovered the cliffs of the Seven Sisters while traversing the Connecticut River in his houseboat, "Aunt Polly".</p><br>
<p>Gillette designed the home and personally overlooked every phase of the construction. Construction was performed by the Porteus-Walker Company, a leading contracting and wood-working firm based in Hartford, Connecticut founded by Gillettes childhood friend, Robert Porteus. It has been described as being designed in a medieval gothic, or an "American fairy tale mixed with European flare" style, or as "a weird blending of Victorian and Arts and Crafts". In the past, it had even been described as "Gillettes Folly".</p><br>
<p>The 3-story-plus-tower. The exterior of the home is covered in field stone. Woodwork within the home is hand-hewn southern white oak. In some places, beams were set directly into the stones, anchored only by cement. The walls, in particular, were constructed similarly to a stage set, lacking two-by-four studs and mortar in critical places. It has been noted it was "a wonder the building didnt collapse" before the castles multimillion-dollar restoration. Insulation included seaweed and paper. It took 20 workers from 1914-1919 (5 years) to complete the construction totaling a cost of over $1 million at the time. In the years Gillette lived in the home, he led and supervised thousands of refinements by local craftsmen.</p><br>
<p>The style of the home&#39;s interior reflects craftsman aesthetic popularized by Gustave Stickley. A number of oddities exist inside the home that were personally designed by Gillette and said to be examples of his "creative genius". These include:</p><br>
<p>- 47 unique doors and door locks throughout the castle. Each door is equipped with an external Steampunk-like latch intricately carved of wood. Trick locks made unlocking these doors a puzzle.</p><br>
<p>- Unique furnishings including built-in couches and a movable table on tracks.</p><br>
<p>- Light switches of carved wood.</p><br>
<p>-A grand upper-floor balcony running the length of the downstairs main room. The walls on the second floor are notably short. This architectural feature is theorized to have been used to enhance Gillette&#39;s stature, making him appear taller to guests looking up at him from below.</p><br>
<p>- A hand-carved bar, which opened with a secret latch.</p><br>
<p>- A series of mirrors above the great hall allowing him to view visitors from his bedroom. This design is thought to have helped Gillette spy on guests and make dramatic entrances.</p><br>
<p>- A fire suppression system complete with a water tower, integrated into the home&#39;s design, that feed a unique manual fire sprinkler on the second floor overlooking the living room.</p><br>
<p>- Secret doors, passageway, and room. A secret door near the staircase leading to the rest of the home allowed Gillette to swiftly, unexpectedly, and theatrically appear to welcome or startle his guests. The secret room is only accessible by a staircase revealed after pulling down a handle. The room is small, and contains a fireplace.</p><br>
<p>-A grand wooden staircase to the upper floors.</p><br>
<p>The home was notably decorated with a number of Tiffany lamps made of broken bottle fragments. It also had a heated bed. At one time, Gillette shared him home with up to 17 cats. For them, he designed finely crafted cat toys.</p><br>
<p>Gillette was particularly fond of his 3-mile-long narrow gauge railroad with a elaborate system of switches, trestles, bridges, turnouts, and a tunnel. Visitors, which reportedly including Albert Einstein, Helen Hayes, and Charlie Chaplin, could ride the railroad around the estate and speed along the 100-foot-plus cliffs of the Connecticut River. The railroad was complete with steam engine and an electric engine, and were later purchased by Lake Compounce in Bristol, Connecticut. The remaining tracks were pulled up and the roadbed converted into walking trails. The engines were donated to the park in 1992, and are now on display at the Visitors Center on the grounds. Gillettes "Grand Central Station" train stop still remains along with a replica on its roof of a metal cat figure.</p><br>
<p>The grounds also contained a root cellar, walking paths with near-vertical steps, a two-story gable-ended vernacular dwelling for servants, a small period barn, stone-arch bridges, wooded trestles spanning up to 40 ft, and fish pond.</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>Teos  or Teo was an ancient Greek city on the coast of Ionia, on a peninsula between Chytrium and Myonnesus. It was founded by Minyans from Orchomenus, Ionians and Boeotians, but the date of its foundation is unknown. Teos was one of the twelve cities which formed the Ionian League. The city was situated on a low hilly isthmus. Its ruins are located to the south of the modern town Sığacık in the Seferihisar district of Izmir Province, Turkey.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Pausanias writes that the city was founded by Minyans from Orchomenus under the leadership of Athamas, a descendant of Athamas the son of Aeolus. Later on they were joined by Ionians and more colonists from Athens and Boeotia.</p><br>
<p>Teos was a flourishing seaport with two fine harbours until Cyrus the Great invaded Lydia and Ionia (c. 540 BC). The Teans found it prudent to retire overseas, to the newly founded colonies of Abdera in Thrace and Phanagoria on the Asian side of the Cimmerian Bosporus. The port was revived by Antigonus Cyclops. During the times of the Roman emperors, the town was noted for its wine, a theatre and Temple of Dionysus. These are positioned near the acropolis, which is situated on a low hill and had fortifications by the 6th century. A shipwreck near Tektaş, a small rock outcrop near Teos harbour, dates from the Classical period (around the 6th to the 4th centuries BC) and implies trading connections by sea with eastern Aegean Islands.</p><br>
<p>It was a member of the Lydian group of the Ionian League, one of the four groups defined by Herodotus, based on the particular dialects of the cities. It was the birthplace of Anacreon the poet, Hecateus the historian, Protagoras the sophist, Scythinus the poet, Andron the geographer, Antimachus the epic poet and Apellicon, the preserver of the works of Aristotle. Epicurus reportedly grew up in Teos and studied there under Nausiphanes, a disciple of Democritus. Vitruvius notes Hermogenes of Priene as the architect of the monopteral temple of Dionysus at Teos.</p><br>
<h2>The site today</h2><br>
<p>The modern village of Sığacık is situated close to the ruins of Teos. The interior of what was previously the city has now been intensively farmed, which makes it difficult to excavate the site. Through ploughing, pottery has been brought to the surface of the earth, which has been collected through archaeological survey.</p><br>
<p>An interesting rental agreement chiseled into stone was uncovered in 2016 in the ruins of Teos.</p><br>
<p>The Andrew Johnson National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery on the grounds of the Andrew Johnson National Historic Site in Greeneville, Tennessee. Established in 1906, the cemetery was built around the resting place of Andrew Johnson, the seventeenth President of the United States, and holds more than two thousand graves.</p><br>
<p>Andrew Johnson acquired twenty-three acres outside Greeneville on "Signal Hill" in 1852. It is held by family tradition that Andrew Johnson greatly enjoyed the view the hill provided. It became known as Signal Hill due to being an excellent place for soldiers to signal to friendly forces. When Johnson died, he was buried on the property on August 3, 1875. The funeral was performed by Freemasons. On June 5, 1878, a 28 ft tall marble statue was placed by Johnsons grave. The monument was considered so dominant that the hills name was changed to "Monument Hill". His daughter Martha Johnson Patterson willed on September 2, 1898 that the land become a park. She further pushed in 1900 to make the site a national cemetery, so that instead of the Johnson family maintaining it, the federal government would. The United States Congress chose to make the site a National Cemetery in 1906, and by 1908 the United States War Department took control of it. By 1939 there were 100 total graves in the cemetery. On May 23, 1942, control of the cemetery went to the National Park Service.</p><br>
<p>When the area was made a cemetery, two of Andrew Johnsons sons were reinterred. Charles Johnson had been buried in Nashville, Tennessee; he died in 1863 by falling from a horse while serving as a military surgeon. Robert Johnson, who died shortly after the Johnsons 1869 return to Greeneville, had originally been buried in Greeneville&#39;s Mount Olivet. Several other members of the Johnson family, including grandchildren, would later be buried in the cemetery. Amongst these are his daughter Martha and her husband, former Tennessee United States Senator David T. Patterson.</p><br>
<p>When the National Park Service was given jurisdiction of the cemetery in 1942, they ruled to allow no more interments, in order to preserve the historic nature of the cemeteries. Due to efforts by the American Legion and the Daughters of the American Revolution, the cemetery once again accepted new interments, making the national cemetery one of the few controlled by the National Park Service to contain soldiers of the World Wars, Spanish–American War, Korean War, Vietnam War, and the Gulf War. Aside from Andersonville National Cemetery, it is the only National Cemetery controlled by the United States Department of the Interior to accept new burials.</p><br>
<p>The marble monument depicts the United States Constitution, an eagle, and the Bible.</p><br>
<p>Mount Carihuairazo  is a volcanic caldera neighboured by Ecuador&#39;s highest mountain Chimborazo.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Location</h3><br>
<p>Carihuairazo is located in the Cordillera Occidental of the Andes of central Ecuador, 150 km south-southwest of the capital Quito. Its neighboured by 6,310 m high Chimborazo. The nearest cities are Riobamba (~30 km to the southeast), Ambato (~30 km to the northeast) and Guaranda (~30 km to the southwest). Carihuairazo&#39;s 1.5 km wide heavy eroded caldera opens to the east.</p><br>
<p>The Carihuairazo forms part of the "Reserva de Produccion Faunistica Chimborazo" which forms a protected ecosystem to preserve the habitat for the andens native camelids Vicuña, Llama and Alpaca.</p><br>
<h3>Glacier</h3><br>
<p>Carihuairazos Glacier lost almost all of its mass during the last decade as a result of global warming and ash covers caused by the recent volcanic activity of its eastern neighbour Tungurahua. At current rate Carihuairazos Glacier is expected to completely disappear between 2020 and 2030.</p><br>
<p>Article from World Preservation Foundation</p><br>
<h3>Volcanism</h3><br>
<p>Carihuairazo must have been a Volcano of similar dimensions to its neighbour Chimborazo before explosions during the last period of activity destroyed the mass of the peak, leaving today&#39;s caldera. There is no evidence of historic activity and Carihuayrazo is considered inactive.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Etymology</h3><br>
<p>An interpretation of its name is that it&#39;s a combination of the Quichua words Cari (man), huay (wind) and razu (Ice/Snow) (Schmudlach 2001). Local Indian mythology narrates that Carihuairazo and El Altar which are both volcanic calderas have been destroyed by Taita (Father) Chimborazo fighting for the grace of Mamá Tungurahua.</p><br>
<h3>First Ascent</h3><br>
<p>Carihuayrazo was climbed by Edward Whymper and the brothers Louis and Jean-Antoine Carrel during their 1880 Ecuador expedition. It is not entirely clear out of Whymper&#39;s descriptions but it is believed that they climbed the Mocha (4,960m) and not the Maxima summit (5,018m). The first ascent to the Maxima summit is attributed to Arturo Eichler, Horacio Lopez Uribe and Jean Morawiecki in 1951 (Neate 1994).</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>Due to the glacier retreat and its consequences climbing Carihuairazo has shifted from a PD glacier route with some rock scrambling to an AD route with a technical climb to the summit tower (Maxima, 5,018m).</p><br>
<p>Carihuairazo can be climbed year round with best seasons being December–January and July–August.</p><br>
<p>A good height acclimatization is highly recommended for this climb.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is contained on the IGM (Instituto Geografico Militar) 1:50000 Map Chimborazo (CT-ÑIV-C1) (IGM 1991, ).</p><br>
<h3>Routes</h3><br>
<p>The normal route to Carihuairazo Maxima (5,018m) starts from a camping spot at ~4,600m, reaching the main ridge either via the SW-ridge or from West via the glacier, followed by a difficult technical climb to reach the summit tower.</p><br>
<p>Kane Basin is an Arctic waterway lying between Greenland and Canada&#39;s northernmost island, Ellesmere Island. It links Smith Sound to Kennedy Channel and forms part of Nares Strait. It is approximately 180 kilometres in length and 130 km at its widest.</p><br>
<p>It is named after Elisha Kane, whose expedition in search of the lost Franklin expedition crossed it in 1854. Kane himself had named it "Peabody Bay," in honor of philanthropist George Peabody, the major funder of Kane&#39;s expedition. Currently Peabody Bay is a bay at the eastern side of the basin, off the southwestern end of the Humboldt Glacier.</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>* Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.). Radar Imagery of Arctic Pack Ice Kane Basin to North Pole. Hanover, N.H.: The Division, 1968.</p><br>
<p>* Hobbs, William Herbert. Discovery and Exploration Within the Area to the West of the Kane Basin. 1939.</p><br>
<p>* Kravitz, Joseph. Sediments and Sediment Processes in Kane Basin, a High Arctic Glacial Marine Basin. Boulder, Colo.?: University of Colorado, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, 1982.</p><br>
<p>* Marentette, Kris Allen. Late Quaternary Paleoceanography in Kane Basin, Canada and Greenland. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1989.</p><br>
<p>Slievenamon  is a mountain which is situated northwest of Carrick on Suir and northeast of Clonmel in County Tipperary, Ireland. It stands at 721 m . Sitting at the western end of a range of low hills, Slievenamon is a striking conical mass, offering a dramatic view from the top over the counties of Tipperary, Kilkenny and Waterford. Much of its lower slopes is wooded. A low hill attached to Slievenamon, known as Carrigmaclea , was the site of a battle during the Irish Rebellion of 1798.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The origin of the mountain&#39;s name is explained in Irish mythology. According to the tale, Fionn mac Cumhaill was sought after by many young women, but he said that he could have only one partner. His partner would be whichever woman won a footrace to the top of the mountain. Fionn stood on the cairn atop the mountain and gave a signal to start the race. The winner was Gráinne.</p><br>
<p>A more prosaic local explanation of the origin is that from a distance and the right angle (as can be seen in the accompanying photograph) the hill resembles a woman lying on her back. It is sometimes known as the "Hill of the Pap" or just "Pap Hill" to residents of South Kilkenny.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>There are two prehistoric cairns on Slievenamon. One is at the very top, and the other is on a lower summit to the northeast known as Sheegouna.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural references</h2><br>
<p>The song Slievenamon, written in the mid 19th century by revolutionary and poet Charles Kickham, is a well-known patriotic and romantic song about an exile who longs to see "our flag unrolled and my true love to unfold / in the valley near Slievenamon". It is regarded as the unofficial "county anthem" of Co. Tipperary, regularly sung by crowds at sporting events.</p><br>
<p>The mountain appears in the fairytale The Horned Woman as found in Celtic Fairy Tales (1892, by Joseph Jacobs), where it is the abode of a witches&#39; coven. It is also mentioned in the books The Hidden Side of Things (1913) and The Lives of Alcyone (1924, with Annie Besant) written by the theosophist clairvoyant Charles Webster Leadbeater.</p><br>
<p>Upon creation of the Irish Free State, the name Slievenamon was unofficially given to one of the 13 armoured Rolls Royce motor cars which were handed over to the new Free State army by the outgoing administration. Slievenamon was escorting the army&#39;s commander-in-chief, Michael Collins, when he was ambushed and killed near Béal na Bláth. The car, since renamed to the Irish Sliabh na mBan, has been preserved by the Irish Defence Forces.</p><br>
<p>Mertz Glacier  is a heavily crevassed glacier in George V Coast of East Antarctica. It is the source of a glacial prominence that historically has extended northward into the Southern Ocean, the Mertz Glacial Tongue. It is named in honor of the Swiss explorer Xavier Mertz.</p><br>
<p>The Mertz-Ninnis Valley ({{coord|67|25|S|146|0|E|region:AQ|name=Mertz-Ninnis Valley}}) is an undersea valley named in association with the Mertz Glacier and the Ninnis Glacier.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Mertz Glacier is about 45 miles (72 km) long and averaging 20 miles (32 km) wide. It reaches the sea at the head of a 60 km fjord where it continues as a large glacier tongue out between Cape De la Motte/Buchanan Bay on the West, and Cape Hurley/Fisher Bay on the east, into the Southern Ocean. The Mertz Glacier Tongue ({{coord|67|10|S|145|30|E|type:glacier_region:AQ|name=Mertz Glacier Tongue}}) is about 50 miles (80 km) long in total hence it protrudes about 20–25 km out into the Ocean. It is roughly 25 miles (40 km) wide. The Glacier delivers about 10 to 12 Gigatons of ice per year to the fjord and the Tongue advances at about 1 km per year down the fjord and out into the Ocean.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The glacier was discovered by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–14) under Douglas Mawson, who named it for Xavier Mertz, a member of the expedition who lost his life on January 7, 1913, on the far-east sledge journey. Mertz&#39;s body likely remains in the glacier that bears his name, a few miles closer to the Southern Ocean than when he was buried in the ice by Mawson.</p><br>
<h3>2010 calving</h3><br>
<p>In February 2010 about half of the Mertz Glacier Tongue, a piece of ice about 78 km long and 33 - wide and protruding 100 km out into the Southern Ocean, broke away from the main body of the Tongue. The separation occurred around the 12 or 13 February along two existing rift lines on opposite sides of the Tongue. The event was helped in part when the large Iceberg B-9B collided with it. Iceberg B-9B is a 97 km long by 30 km wide remnant of Iceberg B-9 which broke off the Ross Ice Shelf in 1987 and has recently ungrounded itself from Ninnis Bank to the east of the Tongue where it had been lodged for 18 years.</p><br>
<p>The newly formed iceberg has been named Iceberg C-28, because it is the 28th substantial iceberg to have broken off the Antarctic ice shelf, in the quadrant that faces Australia, since 1976. The iceberg is 400 m high, has a surface area of 2,545 km&sup2; and weights in at about 860 billion tonnes. According to Australian glaciologist Neal Young, such an event occurs once in 50 to 100 years. As the Tongue advances at 1 km per year this new iceberg represents about 70 years of glacier advance.</p><br>
<p>Within 2 weeks the Mertz Iceberg rotated about the point of impact with B9-B and lay parallel with the coastline.</p><br>
<p>The iceberg drifted westwards after the collision and in April 2010 hit a submerged peak which caused it to break into two pieces.</p><br>
<p>The flow of icebergs from the calved glacier tongue has reduced the effectiveness of the polynya west of Mertz Glacier that acted as one of Antarctica&#39;s major areas for the formation of dense Antarctic Bottom Water. The calving could affect future thermohaline circulation around Antarctica.</p><br>
<p>The Napier Mountains are a group of close set peaks, the highest being Mount Elkins, at about 2,300 meters above sea level. This mountain range is located in Enderby Land, in the claimed Australian Antarctic Territory, East Antarctica.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Napier Mountains are roughly four degrees west of Cape Boothby, Edward VIII Bay and Edward VIII Ice Shelf, and 3.5 degrees east of Amundsen Bay. The Napier Mountains are centered about 64 km south of Cape Batterbee in Enderby Land, East Antarctica. It extends about 64 km in a NW-SE direction from Mount Codrington, and also includes Mount Kjerringa, and the Young Nunataks.</p><br>
<h2>Discovery</h2><br>
<p>The Napier Mountains were discovered in January 1930 by the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) under Sir Douglas Mawson. They were named by Mawson after the Hon. Sir John Mellis Napier, a Judge of the Supreme Court of South Australia, 1924–42 and Chief Justice of South Australia, 1942-67. This mountain range was first visited by an ANARE party in 1960. Members of this party included Syd Kirkby and Terence James Elkins.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Geographic features of the Napier Mountains include:</p><br>
<p>Fitzgerald Nunataks</p><br>
<p>Grimsley Peaks</p><br>
<p>Mount Breckinridge</p><br>
<p>Mount Codrington</p><br>
<p>Mount Elkins</p><br>
<p>Mount Griffiths</p><br>
<p>Mount Maines</p><br>
<p>Mount Rabben</p><br>
<p>Skorefjell</p><br>
<p>Stor Hånakken Mountain</p><br>
<p>Wilkinson Peaks</p><br>
<p>Young Nunataks</p><br>
<h2>Geology & orogeny</h2><br>
<p>The Napier Complex is among the most ancient terrestrial terranes on Earth. Its evolution is characterized by high-grade metamorphism and several strong deformations. At least four distinct tectonothermal events occurred in the Archaean Eon:</p><br>
<p>3.8 billion years ago: occurrence of initial felsic igneous activity over a long period of time</p><br>
<p>3.0 billion years ago: emplacement of charnockite at Proclamation Island</p><br>
<p>2.8 billion years ago: occurrence of a very-high grade discrete tectonothermal event (a UHT metamorphic event)</p><br>
<p>2.5 billion years ago: occurrence of a subsequent, protracted high-grade tectonothermal event</p><br>
<p>Much of the East Antarctic craton was formed in the Precambrian period by a series of tectonothermal orogenic events. Napier orogeny formed the cratonic nucleus approximately 4 billion years ago. Mount Elkins is a classic example of Napier orogeny. Napier orogeny is characterized by high-grade metamorphism and plate tectonics. The orogenic events which resulted in the formation of the Napier Complex (including Mount Elkins) have been dated to the Archean Eon. Radiometrically dated to as old as 3.8 billion years, some of the zircons collected from the orthogneisses of Mount Sones are among the oldest rock specimens found on Earth. Billions of years of erosion and tectonic deformation have exposed the metamorphic rock core of these ancient mountains.</p><br>
<p>The oldest crustal components found to date in the Napier Complex appear to be of igneous derivation. This rock appears to have been overprinted by an ultra-high temperature metamorphic event (UHT) that occurred near the Archean-Proterozoic boundary. Using a lutetium-hafnium (Lu-Hf) method to examine garnet, orthopyroxene, sapphirine, osumilite and rutile from this UHT granulite belt, Choi et al determined an isochron age of 2.4 billion years for this metamorphic event. Using SHRIMPU–Pb zircon dating methodology, Belyatsky et al determined the oldest tectonothermal event in the formation of the Napier Complex to have occurred approximately 2.8 billion years ago.</p><br>
<p>Preservation of the UHT mineral assemblage in the analyzed rock suggests rapid cooling, with closure likely to have occurred for the Lu-Hf system at post-peak UHT conditions near a closure temperature of 800 °C. UHT granulites appear to have evolved in a low Lu-Hf environment, probably formed when the rocks were first extracted from a mantle profoundly depleted in lithophile elements. The source materials for the magmas that formed the Napier Complex were extremely depleted relative to the chondritic uniform reservoir (CHUR). These results also suggest significant depletion of the early Archean mantle, in agreement with the early igneous differentiation of the Earth that the latest core formation models require.</p><br>
<p>The Santa Ynez Valley is located in Santa Barbara County, California, between the Santa Ynez Mountains to the south and the San Rafael Mountains to the north. The Santa Ynez River flows through the valley from east to west. The Santa Ynez Valley is separated from the Los Alamos Valley, to the northwest, by the Purisima Hills, and from the Santa Maria Valley by the Solomon Hills. The Santa Rita Hills separate the Santa Ynez Valley from the Santa Rita and Lompoc Valleys to the west.</p><br>
<p>The valley has a population of about 20,000 residents living in the communities of Solvang, Los Olivos, Santa Ynez, Buellton, and Ballard.</p><br>
<h2>Culture</h2><br>
<p>The 2004 film Sideways was set (and shot on location) in the Santa Ynez Valley. Since then, visits from tourists looking to recreate the experiences of the fictional characters Miles and Jack, have become common. Fans of the movie can often be seen making a pilgrimage from the Buellton Days Inn to the restaurant. Other movies that have been filmed in the Santa Ynez Valley include indie film "Flying Lessons" featuring Michael O’Neill, Maggie Grace, and Hal Holbrook, “Michael Jackson: The Untold Story of Neverland", “Uncorked” /Hallmark/Larry Levinson; “Bad Girls”; “It’s Complicated”/Universal; Nitro Circus/MTV; “Inside Luxury Travel”; “The Othersiders”/Red Varden Studios;“More to Love”; “Back in Wedding Shape”; “You’re Hired”; “Kathy Griffin Season 2”; and “Somewhere”</p><br>
<h2>Politics</h2><br>
<p>The Santa Ynez Valley is part of Santa Barbara Countys Third Supervisorial District, whose voters are registered 39% Democratic and 31% Republican; however, registered voters within the Valleys two incorporated cities, Buellton and Solvang, are approximately 31% Democratic and 45% Republican, reflecting the greater Valleys more conservative political constituency. The Valley, geographically located at the center of Santa Barbara County and partially surrounded by the Los Padres National Forest, is sometimes regarded as more politically aligned with northern Santa Barbara County and would have been included in the proposed Mission County under "Measure H," rejected by 81% of County voters in the June 6, 2006 Direct Primary election. Numerous smart growth-type coalitions have formed such as the Santa Ynez Valley Alliance, Preservation of Los Olivos (POLO), Preservation of Santa Ynez (POSY), WeWatch, and the Santa Ynez Valley Concerned Citizens. These groups stated mission is the preservation of the Santa Ynez Valley.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>The economy of the Santa Ynez Valley is driven by agriculture (particularly viticulture), the equine industry, and tourism.</p><br>
<h3>Agriculture</h3><br>
<p>The wine industry is a major part of the Santa Ynez Valley&#39;s economy. The Santa Ynez Valley Visitors Association lists over 70 wineries and tasting rooms on their website. Besides grapes, the valley also has numerous apple farms, many of them with roadside apple stands or "pick your own" programs. It is the location of the Santa Ynez Valley American Viticultural Area.</p><br>
<h3>Equine</h3><br>
<p>Horses are seen throughout the valley and a historic Western atmosphere is kept alive. Notable ranches include Monty Roberts&#39; Flag Is Up Farms, River Edge Farm (thoroughbreds), and the nationally-known Alamo Pintado Equine Medical Center.</p><br>
<p>This valley is noted for having over 52 different breeds of horses, plus 28 veterinarians.</p><br>
<h3>Tourism</h3><br>
<p>Tourists often visit the valley for its attractions including numerous art galleries, wine tasting rooms, and antique stores as well as resorts such as the Alisal Guest Ranch, Lake Cachuma, PCPA&#39;s Theatrefest, and the Chumash Casino. Because of good weather year round, many participate in outdoor activities such as hiking in the nearby Los Padres National Forest or bicycling throughout the valley.</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>Allan Hancock College: Solvang Campus</p><br>
<p>Santa Ynez Valley Union High School</p><br>
<p>Dunn School</p><br>
<p>Midland School</p><br>
<h2>Notable residents</h2><br>
<p>Notable present or past residents include</p><br>
<p>Robert Carradine</p><br>
<p>Jimmy Connors</p><br>
<p>Jake Copass</p><br>
<p>John Corbett</p><br>
<p>David Crosby</p><br>
<p>Bo Derek</p><br>
<p>Bob Eubanks</p><br>
<p>Brooks Firestone</p><br>
<p>John Forsythe</p><br>
<p>Dan Gerber</p><br>
<p>Richard A. Harris</p><br>
<p>Dan Henry</p><br>
<p>Sandy Hill</p><br>
<p>Michael Jackson (Neverland Ranch)</p><br>
<p>Ed Joyce</p><br>
<p>Kelly Le Brock</p><br>
<p>Peter Lewis</p><br>
<p>Tom Leykis</p><br>
<p>Marty Paich</p><br>
<p>Fess Parker</p><br>
<p>Dolly Parton</p><br>
<p>Ronald Reagan (Rancho del Cielo)</p><br>
<p>Monty Roberts</p><br>
<p>Todd Rogers</p><br>
<p>Steven Seagal</p><br>
<p>Edie Sedgwick</p><br>
<p>Doc Severinsen</p><br>
<p>Steven Spielberg</p><br>
<p>Bernie Taupin</p><br>
<p>Noah Wyle</p><br>
<p>Efrem Zimbalist Jr.</p><br>
<p>Mickeys Diner is a classic diner in downtown Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. It has been in continuous operation at the same location since 1939. Designed to resemble a railroad dining car, the prefabricated building was constructed in 1937 by the Jerry OMahony Diner Company of Elizabeth, New Jersey, then shipped to Saint Paul by rail. Its unusual architecture made it a local landmark. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 for having local significance in the themes of architecture and commerce. It was nominated for being "a beloved, longstanding and unique social institution," an unaltered example of railroad car-style diners, and one of the few surviving examples of its type in the American Midwest.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>50 ft long and 10 ft wide, Mickey&#39;s has distinctive red and yellow porcelain-enameled steel panels and Art Deco-style lettering on the exterior. A row of 10 train-style windows graces the front. The interior features floor-mounted round stools along a well-worn counter.</p><br>
<p>Mickey Crimmons and Bert Mattson opened Mickeys Diner in 1939. Such diners had gained popularity early in the 20th century as inexpensive, often all-night, eateries. Mickeys Diner has been operating as a family-owned business since the year it opened.</p><br>
<p>Besides its architecture, Mickeys is known for its all-day (and all-night) breakfast menu. The menu features such staples as eggs, pancakes, and hash browns. It also includes Mickeys homemade mulligan stew, hamburgers, and ice cream floats, milkshakes, and malts. The diners website includes Mickeys schedule ("Open 24 hours a day, 365 days a year") and its "House Rules" ("No smoking, no checks, no take out").</p><br>
<h2>Media appearances</h2><br>
<p>Mickeys is famous beyond Minnesota. It was named one of Americas Top Ten Diners by Jane and Michael Stern in Gourmet magazine. It also has been featured on travel and food television series like Unwrapped, Roker on the Road, Rachael Ray&#39;s Tasty Travels, and Feasting on Asphalt. The unusual diner has been showcased in magazines such as Smithsonian, National Geographic, and Sports Illustrated.</p><br>
<p>The diner also has appeared in movies that include The Mighty Ducks series of the 1990s and Jingle All the Way (1996). The opening and closing scenes of the 2006 Robert Altman film A Prairie Home Companion were shot at Mickey&#39;s.</p><br>
<p>During the 2008 Republican National Convention in Saint Paul, photographs of the diner appeared in local and national newspapers for a different reason. Police confronted about two hundred protesters in front of Mickey&#39;s Diner. They dispersed them with tear gas, pepper spray, and flash grenades.</p><br>
<h2>Second location</h2><br>
<p>A second Mickeys Diner under different management is located at 1950 West 7th Street in Saint Pauls Sibley neighborhood. It is decorated in the manner of a 1950s-style diner rather than the original location which is representative of the Great Depression and World War II eras of the 1930s and &#39;40s.</p><br>
<p>The Henry Mountains are located in the southeastern portion of the USA state of Utah and run in a generally north-south direction, extending over a distance of about 30 miles . They were named by Almon Thompson in honor of Joseph Henry, the first secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. The nearest town of any size is Hanksville, Utah, which is north of the mountains. The Henry Mountains were the last mountain range to be added to the map of the 48 contiguous USA states , and before their official naming by Powell, were sometimes referred to as the "Unknown Mountains." In Navajo, the range is still referred to as Dził Bizhiʼ Ádiní .</p><br>
<h2>Geography and geology</h2><br>
<p>The range is clustered into two main groups, with Highway 276 dividing the two portions. The northern group is by far the taller of the two with Mount Ellen: 11,522 feet above sea level; Mount Pennell: 11,371 feet; and Mount Hillers: 10,723 feet. The southern group is much lower in elevation. The southern group has two peaks: Mount Ellsworth: 8,235 feet and Mount Holmes: 8,000 feet. The southern group is also known as the "Little Rockies".</p><br>
<p>The Henry Mountains are drained by a number of canyon systems which radiate away from the isolated range, flowing north into the Fremont River, east into the Dirty Devil River, or south into Lake Powell.</p><br>
<p>The geology of these mountains was first studied in 1875-1876 by Grove Karl Gilbert. He coined the term "laccolite" (now laccolith) to describe the characteristic shapes of some of the igneous intrusions that core the mountains. The main type of igneous rock is porphyritic diorite.</p><br>
<p>Ages of the igneous rocks are important for understanding the evolution of the Colorado Plateau. Ages of these rocks were reported to be about 45 to 50 million years in older geologic literature. However, it has been established that these intrusions formed in the period from about 23 to 31 million years ago, using uranium–lead dating of zircon and argon–argon dating of hornblende; fission track dating also has yielded consistent results (the older, erroneous ages were by potassium–argon dating). The intrusions are hosted by Permian to Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. The geology of these mountains is similar to the geology of the La Sal Range and of the Abajo Mountains, both also on the Colorado Plateau in southeastern Utah: locations are shown on a satellite image presented with information about the La Sal Range.</p><br>
<h2>American bison</h2><br>
<p>The Henry Mountains are home to approximately 350 American bison. Via genetic testing of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, the Henry Mountains bison herd was recently shown to be one of only three free-roaming and genetically purebred bison herds on public lands in the United States. This study, published in 2015, also showed the Henry Mountains bison to be free of brucellosis, a bacterial disease that was imported with non-native domestic cattle to North America. The other two American herds are in Yellowstone National Park, Wind Cave National Park in South Dakota. The majority of free-ranging American Bison (approximately 90%) are found in Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon, and the Northwest Territories, with additional, recently transplanted populations in Alaska</p><br>
<p>The Henry Mountains Bison Herd was created in 1941 when 18 bison, including three bulls, were moved from Yellowstone National Park and released near the Dirty Devil River, south and east of Hanksville, Utah. An additional five bulls were added to the population in 1942. The herd has gradually moved toward the Henry Mountains, frequenting elevations up to 10,000 feet. The Henry Mountain herd has been brucellosis-free since 1963.</p><br>
<p>A population objective of 325 bison by 2012 was set by Utah wildlife biologists for the Henry Mountain herd. Since the bison reproduce easily and the herds have been larger than this in the past, a decision was made to reduce the size of the herd. To achieve this objective, and increase overall genetic diversity, breeding animals are being transplanted to other locations from the herd. In January, 2009, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources officials transplanted 31 animals to the Book Cliffs in eastern Utah. The new group joined 14 animals previously released in August, 2008 from a private herd on the nearby Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation. In addition, special licenses are issued annually to hunt the animals and help reduce the excess population. In 2009, 146 public once-in-a-lifetime Henry Mountain bison hunting permits were issued. This hunt is widely supported in the local area, as the remote, rugged terrain makes the bison difficult to hunt &mdash; providing business for local hunting guides.</p><br>
<h2>Management</h2><br>
<p>Much of the area is managed by the United States Bureau of Land Management.</p><br>
<p>Sierra Maestra is a mountain range that runs westward across the south of the old Oriente Province in southeast Cuba, rising abruptly from the coast. The Sierra Maestra itself is located mainly in Santiago de Cuba Province, a small part in Granma Province. Some view it as a series of connecting ranges , which joins with others extending to the west. The Sierra Maestra is the highest area of Cuba. It is rich in minerals, especially copper, manganese, chromium, and iron. At 1,974 m , Pico Turquino is the range&#39;s highest point.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Sierra Maestra has a long history of guerrilla warfare, starting with the resistance of the Taínos under Guamá (died 1532), the Cimarrón Neo-Taíno nations escaped slave cultures, the Ten Years&#39; War (1868-1878) and the Cuban War of Independence (1895-1898), and various minor conflicts such as the Race War of 1912, and the uprisings of Antonio Guiteras (died 1935) against Gerardo Machado (President of Cuba from 1925 to 1933) and Fulgencio Batista (President 1940-1944 and 1952-1959). After Fidel Castro returned to Cuba in 1956 from exile in Mexico, he and the few other survivors from the failed 1953 attack on Moncada Barracks hid out in Sierra Maestra. There they succeeded in expanding their 26th of July Movement, starting a revolution throughout the region. They built up guerrilla columns, and in collaboration with other groups in the central provinces, Escopeteros on the foot-hills and plains, and the urban resistance, eventually overthrew Fulgencio Batista on 1 January 1959.</p><br>
<h2>Ornithology</h2><br>
<p>The ivory-billed woodpecker, now possibly extinct, was last seen (according to an unconfirmed report) in the Sierra Maestra in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Cleeve Hill  is the highest point both of the Cotswolds hill range and in the county of Gloucestershire, at 1,083 ft. It is located on Cleeve Common which is a Site of Special Scientific Interest  looked after by a small charity called Cleeve Common Trust . It commands a clear view to the west, over Cheltenham and the racecourse, over the River Severn and into Wales; and to the north over Winchcombe. It is a conspicuous outcrop on the edge of the limestone escarpment, . It is crossed by the Cotswold Way footpath.</p><br>
<p>With the hill&#39;s south slopes draining to the River Coln, Cleeve Hill is the highest point in the drainage basin of the River Thames.</p><br>
<h2>Summit and views</h2><br>
<p>The summit, at 1,083 ft, is a nondescript point marked by a trig point on the relatively flat common south of the Hill. Because of this, it does not offer particularly wide-ranging views. To the North by north-west, another summit at 1,033 ft high boasts a toposcope and a trig-point, offering far wider views. On an exceptionally clear day (for example a sunny day following a day of rain in spring or early summer), the view extends an impressive 90 mi to Winsford Hill on Exmoor, Somerset.</p><br>
<p>Taking the road up from Aggs Hill you can expect to see three tall radio masts situated 430 yards from the highest point (1,083 ft) above sea level. It is classified as a mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Hill fort and rock faces</h2><br>
<p>Close to the summit is the Neolithic long barrow, Belas Knap. On its western scarp is an Iron Age hill fort.</p><br>
<p>The Hill bears one of the few rock faces in the area, Castle Rock, which is sound enough for rock-climbing. The routes are short, difficult for their grade and highly polished.</p><br>
<h2>Golf course and Cleeve Common</h2><br>
<p>The Hill has been home to a golf course since 1891. The course was the location of the 2010 Wells Cup that took place in June 2010.</p><br>
<p>Cleeve Common, which is sited on Cleeve Hill, is a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest by Natural England and is recorded in the List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Gloucestershire.</p><br>
<h2>Routes to the highest point</h2><br>
<p>From the south, a road for car access ends very close to the summit trig point, which is a short walk from the parking area. This can be reached from Cheltenham via Ham Hill and Aggs Hill, or from the village of Whittington, Gloucestershire.</p><br>
<p>To the north and to reach the more favourable view point, a minor road leads off the B4632 to the golf course where there is free parking in a disused quarry. From this point, the viewpoint is roughly a half-mile ascent on foot.</p><br>
<p>There are numerous other ways to reach the hill, and there is a well-maintained network of paths and tracks crossing it in many directions. Ordnance Survey maps show all routes, paths and rights of way as well as the best viewpoints.</p><br>
<h2>Cleeve Mount</h2><br>
<p>Cleeve Mount is the highest residential house in Gloucestershire, and is situated very close to the summit.</p><br>
<p>After extensive renovation in 2002 by Mr. and Mrs. Cooper, local business owners, the estate now benefits from panoramic views of Cheltenham, Bishops Cleeve and Tewkesbury.</p><br>
<p>The property has a large stable block (with room for eight horses), a small cottage (referred to as the "Bothy", originally built for the stable groom to stay in) and a large area of woodland below the main house.</p><br>
<p>Nicobar district is one of three districts in the Indian Union Territory  of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The district&#39;s administrative territory encompasses all of the Nicobar Islands, which are located in the Indian Ocean . The headquarters of the district is located on the island of Car Nicobar.</p><br>
<p>The district administration is headed by a Deputy Commissioner, who in turn reports into the Lt. Governor of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.</p><br>
<p>It is the fifth least populous district in the country (out of 640).</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Falling between the sea route from South India / Sri Lanka to South East Asia and vice-vers, the voyagers referred it as “land of the nake” i.e. Nakkavar which is perhaps the direct Predecessor of the current name “Nicobar’. The medieval Arabic name ‘Lankhabatus’ is a mere mistranscription and misapprehension of “Nankakar or Nakkavar”.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The district was created on August 1, 1974, when it was separated off from Andaman district.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Nicobar district occupies an area of 1,648 km&sup2, comparatively equivalent to Mauritius.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>According to the 2011 census Nicobar district has a population of 36844, roughly equal to the nation of Liechtenstein. This gives it a ranking of 636th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 20 PD/sqkm. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was -12.48%. Nicobars has a sex ratio of 778 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 77.5%.</p><br>
<p>The district is designated as an Integrated Tribal District, and is home to significant numbers of indigenous peoples (namely, the Nicobarese and the Shompen, classified as Scheduled Tribes according to the Constitution of India), who form the majority of the district&#39;s population. Because of its status as a tribal area, travel to the district is restricted to Indian nationals, and special permit restrictions apply.</p><br>
<p>The district was severely affected by the tsunami that was caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, which led to many deaths and damaged infrastructure.</p><br>
<h2>Administrative divisions</h2><br>
<p>As of 2016, The Nicobar district is divided into 3 sub-divisions and 7 taluks (tehsils).</p><br>
<p>Car Nicobar Subdivision</p><br>
<p>Car Nicobar taluk - Headquarters</p><br>
<p>Nancowry Subdivision</p><br>
<p>Nancowry taluk</p><br>
<p>Kamorta taluk</p><br>
<p>Teressa-Chowra taluk</p><br>
<p>Katchal taluk</p><br>
<p>Great Nicobar Subdivision</p><br>
<p>Campbell Bay taluk</p><br>
<p>Little Nicobar taluk</p><br>
<p>Danseys Pass   is a mountain pass located in the Kakanui Mountains, between Central Otago and North Otago, in the South Island of New Zealand.</p><br>
<p>It lies between the Maniototo plain (part of the Taieri River water catchment) and the northern foothills of the Kakanui Mountains (part of the Waitaki River catchment). Much of the road going over Danseys Pass is unsealed. The road was built for the owners of large sheep runs, the brothers Allan McLean and John McLean.</p><br>
<p>Though not a major arterial road, the pass is a fairly well-used link between the towns of Naseby and Ranfurly in the south and Duntroon in the Mackenzie Basin of inland Canterbury. Also, if State Highway 1 between Hampden and Moeraki is closed, it is closest detour, despite adding over 100 km to the journey.</p><br>
<p>The locality of Danseys Pass is located approximately halfway between the pass and Duntroon on the eastern side. Confusingly, however, the historic Danseys Pass Coach Inn / Danseys Pass Hotel is located on the western side, at the locality known as Kyeburn Diggings or Upper Kyeburn, north of Kyeburn.</p><br>
<p>Agios Efstratios or Saint Eustratius , colloquially Ai Stratis  is a small Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea about 30 km southwest of Lemnos and 80 km northwest of Lesbos. The municipality has an area of 43.325 km. Together with Lemnos and nearby islets it forms the regional unit of Lemnos, part of the Greek archipelagic region of the North Aegean.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The island was named after Saint Eustratius (Όσιος Ευστράτιος ο Θαυματουργός), who lived on the island in the 9th century as an exile, because he was opposed to the iconoclastic policies of the Byzantine Emperor Leo the Armenian. His grave is still being shown by the inhabitants. The island is mentioned in the Isolario by Cristoforo Buondelmonti in 1420 as Sanstrati. It was known as "Bozbaba" during Ottoman rule.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Agios Efstratios is quiet, isolated and dry, with a population of approximately 300 people. The climate is arid, with little rainfall during the winter months and long, hot summers. The landscape is mostly rocky, with scarce and low vegetation. Locust infestation is a recurring problem. Crops are insignificant; the surrounding sea, however, is rich in fish which are fished by local fishermen. There are numerous beaches on the island such as Agios Antonios, Lemonies, Avlakia and others, most of which are reached by caique. Agios Efstratios Island is linked by boat with Limnos, Agios Konstantinos, Kymi and Kavala.</p><br>
<h2>Recent political history</h2><br>
<p>The island was used to house political prisoners in internal exile by the Metaxas Regime in the 1930s. On 19 February 1968, an earthquake (7.1 on the Richter scale) demolished most of the houses, which were replaced by concrete prefabricated buildings laid out in a military-like camp formation. Nonetheless, the island retains a very attractive capital, also called Agios Efstratios, while preserving a rather unspoiled Mediterranean environment with pristine beaches. It is mostly a place for relaxation and meditation. During the Greek military junta of 1967–74, the island was again used as a prison for political dissidents. One of its most famous prisoners was Mikis Theodorakis, political activist and musical composer.</p><br>
<h2>Greece's first green island</h2><br>
<p>Athens News Agency reported that, on 4 June 2009, at a two-day international conference in Athens on "Climate Change and Challenges for the Future Generations" under the patronage of UNESCO, Greeces Development Minister Kostis Hatzidakis said that Agios Efstratios would soon become the countrys first "green" island, entirely powered by renewable energy sources (RES), its residents relying on solar and wind generated energy and moving around the island on bicycles and in electric cars. Hatzidakis said a €10 million project would be implemented by 2010. At the same conference Professor Philippos Tsalidis, Development Ministry General Secretary for Research and Technology, said that although Greeces energy needs currently required strategic reliance on natural gas, Aghios Efstratios, could serve as a global model for 100% reliance on RES. Agios Efstratios is included in the European Unions Natura 2000 network of nature protected areas.</p><br>
<h2>Appearance in popular media</h2><br>
<p>Agios Efstratios serves as the basis for the fictional island of Stratis in the 2013 video game Arma 3, along with its northern counterpart of Lemnos, fictionalized as "Altis", the governing body of the two islands. However, "Stratis" in Arma 3 has some critical differences from Agios Efstratios, including numerous additional military bases scattered around the island in-game, and a large airport built off artificial land into the sea south-west of the village of Agios Efstratios.</p><br>
<p>Mount Jagungal or sometimes Jagungal, Big Bogong, The Big Bogong Nr., or The Big Bogong Mountain, is a mountain within the Jagungal Wilderness Area of the Kosciuszko National Park in the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia.</p><br>
<p>With an elevation of 2,061 m above sea level, Mount Jagungal is the seventh-highest mountain in Australia and surpasses any elevation except for peaks in the Main Range and Gungartan (which is directly adjacent). Since it stands alone in an extensive plain Mount Jagungal is visible for many kilometres in all directions. Similarly, there is an excellent view from the top in all directions.</p><br>
<p>The Jagungal Wilderness Area is a large wilderness region north of the Main Range. Within this area there is some excellent alpine walking in summer and cross-country skiing in winter. As about 70% of the region is open grassland, it is possible to walk almost anywhere. The Alpine Hut, near Mount Jagungal was built in 1939 to cater for skiers. Access was arduous - via packhorse and ski. It burnt down in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Jagungal.jpg</p><br>
<p>Jagungal map Stevage.pngMap of Mt Jagungal.</p><br>
<p>Jagungal Wilderness Stevage.JPGJagungal Wilderness Area, with Mt Jagungal visible in the distance, beyond the Geehi River.</p><br>
<p>The Morvan is a mountainous massif lying just to the west of the Côte d&#39;Or escarpment in Burgundy, France. It is a northerly extension of the Massif Central and is of Variscan age. It is composed of granites and basalts and formed a promontory extending northwards into the Jurassic sea.</p><br>
<h2>Music</h2><br>
<p>The Morvan has a strong musical tradition. It uses musical ideas from lots of other cultures and combines them to make its own. (See Music of France and bagpipes.)</p><br>
<h2>The regional park</h2><br>
<p>At its heart nowadays is the protected area of the Parc naturel régional du Morvan. Its main town is Château-Chinon on the D978 between Nevers and Autun. Several of its valleys have been dammed to form reservoirs.</p><br>
<p>Mount Ophir, or more commonly known by its Malay name, Gunung Ledang, is a mountain situated in the Gunung Ledang National Park located in Tangkak District, Johor, Malaysia. The summit is located between the border of Muar and Malacca. Standing at 1,276 m , with a clear trail leading to the peak, the mountain is a popular destination among amateur climbers. Mount Ophir is also the 64th highest mountain in Malaysia and arguably the most climbed mountain in the country.</p><br>
<h2>Origins of its name</h2><br>
<p>There are a few popular opinions regarding the origin of the mountain&#39;s name. According to one opinion, ancient history points to the mountain being the site of rich gold deposits, luring traders from as far as Greece and China. Ophir was a biblical-era land rich with natural resources mentioned in the Torah, also known at the Hebrew Bible.</p><br>
<p>In the 14th Century, the Chinese seafarers plying the Straits of Malacca called it Kim Sua meaning the golden mountain, possibly from the Hokkien or Taiwanese words: kim, or in characters 金 meaning gold and sua, or 山 meaning mountain.</p><br>
<p>Another source said that the Javanese during the period of the Majapahit empire named the mountain Gunong Ledang, which means lofty mountain, from Archaic Javanese word ledang meaning show-off.</p><br>
<p>It has been called "Ophir" by British cartographers since at least 1801, based on a map from that year. The name Ophir itself is thought to have originated from any of these languages:</p><br>
<p>Hebrew, from אוֹפִיר transliterated to &#39;Owphiyr, or pronounced as ō·fēr, a Hebrew personal name and in reference to the biblical land of Ophir from which King Solomon obtained gold, precious gems and ivory for the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem.</p><br>
<h2>Legend of Gunung Ledang</h2><br>
<p>There is a popular Malay folklore which told of a princess with magical powers who resided on the mountain. She was wooed to be the wife of the then Sultan of Malacca, Sultan Mahmud Shah. However, she set seven impossible conditions for him as a means to reject his proposal.</p><br>
<p>The conditions were:</p><br>
<p>Some versions of the legend say that the Sultan was not able to fulfill any of these requests, while others say that he was able to fulfill the first six requests (thus causing the ruin of the Malacca Sultanate) but could not fulfill the final request which would have required him to kill his son.</p><br>
<p>Yet another version says that the Sultan approached his sons sleeping body and as he drew close with a dagger in hand the image of the Princess appeared before the Sultan and said to him that she could not possibly marry a man willing to wound his own son before vanishing, never to be seen again.</p><br>
<p>The point of the story is that the Sultan was either too proud or too blind to realise that the conditions were the Puteri&#39;s way of turning his proposal down.</p><br>
<p>Folklore has it that the gold and silver supposedly found on the mountain are attributed to; and a testament to this story. Hang Tuah and his companions were also learning their silat martial arts here on the top of this very mountain with a silat guru, Adiputera.</p><br>
<h2>In poetry</h2><br>
<p>A traditional Malay pantun makes the mountain proverbial:</p><br>
<p>Berapa tinggi pucuk pinang</p><br>
<p>Tinggi lagi asap api</p><br>
<p>Berapa tinggi Gunung Ledang</p><br>
<p>Tinggi lagi harapan hati.</p><br>
<p>However high is the trunk of the betel-nut tree,</p><br>
<p>Higher is the smoke of fire.</p><br>
<p>However high is Mount Ophir,</p><br>
<p>Higher are the hopes of the heart.</p><br>
<p>Riiser-Larsen Ice Shelf is an ice shelf about 250 miles  long on the coast of Queen Maud Land, extending from Cape Norvegia in the north to Lyddan Island and Stancomb-Wills Glacier in the south. Parts of the ice shelf were sighted by William Speirs Bruce in 1904, Ernest Shackleton in 1915, and Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen in 1930. Most of it was photographed from the air in 1951-52 by the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition  and delineated from these photos. Additional delineation of the southern and landward margins of the feature was accomplished from air photos taken, by USN Operation Deep Freeze from 1967 to 1969. The feature was named by Norway for Capt. Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen, who explored the area in the late 1920s and early 1930s.</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>Lyddan Island is an ice-covered island located at the southwestern extremity of the Riiser-Larsen Ice Shelf, separating it from the Brunt Ice Shelf, about 20 nmi off the Princess Martha Coast of Antarctica. It is about 45 nmi long and has three narrow arms in the form of a trefoil. It was discovered and plotted by W.R. MacDonald on November 5, 1967, in the course of a U.S. Navy Squadron VXE-6 reconnaissance flight over the coast in LC-130 aircraft, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Robert H. Lyddan, Chief Topographic Engineer of the United States Geological Survey, who had been active in the planning and supervision of Antarctic mapping operations since the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>Though originally recorded as an island, later research has shown that the ground surface under the ice is below sea level, indicating that "ice rise" might be a more accurate naming.</p><br>
<p>Stancomb-Wills Glacier is a large glacier that debouches into eastern Weddell Sea southward of Lyddan Island. The glacier was discovered in the course of the U.S. Navy LC-130 plane flight over the coast on November 5, 1967, and was plotted by United States Geological Survey  from photographs obtained at that time. The name was applied by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names  in 1969.</p><br>
<p>The Stancomb-Wills Glacier Tongue ({{coord|75|0|S|22|0|W|type:glacier_region:AQ|display=inline}}) is the extensive seaward projection of the Stancomb-Wills Glacier into the eastern Weddell Sea. The cliffed front of this feature was discovered in January 1915 by a British expedition led by Shackleton. He named it "Stancomb-Wills Promontory," after Dame Janet Stancomb-Wills, one of the principal donors of the expedition. In 1969, US-ACAN amended the name to "Stancomb-Wills Glacier Tongue". This followed the U.S. Navy flight on which the glacier was discovered and the relationship with the glacier tongue was first observed.</p><br>
<p>The Ford Ranges  is a grouping of mountain ranges standing east of Sulzberger Ice Shelf and Block Bay in the northwest part of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. Discovered by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition on December 5, 1929, and named by Byrd for Edsel Ford of the Ford Motor Company, who helped finance the expedition.</p><br>
<p>__NOTOC__</p><br>
<h2>Geological features</h2><br>
<h3>Ranges</h3><br>
<p>The Ford Ranges include a number of mountain groupings and features.</p><br>
<p>* Allegheny Mountains (Antarctica)</p><br>
<p>* Breeding Nunatak</p><br>
<p>* Cady Nunatak</p><br>
<p>* Chester Mountains</p><br>
<p>* Clark Mountains</p><br>
<p>* Mount Darling</p><br>
<p>* Denfeld Mountains</p><br>
<p>* Fosdick Mountains</p><br>
<p>* Haines Mountains</p><br>
<p>* Mackay Mountains</p><br>
<p>* Phillips Mountains</p><br>
<p>* Sarnoff Mountains</p><br>
<p>* Mount Spencer</p><br>
<p>* Swanson Mountains</p><br>
<p>* Mount Swartley</p><br>
<p>* The Billboard</p><br>
<p>* Mount Tolley</p><br>
<h3>Mountains</h3><br>
<h4>Mount Iphigene</h4><br>
<p>Mount Iphigene () is a mountain just west of Ochs Glacier between Marujupu Peak and Birchall Peaks. Discovered in 1929 by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, and named by Byrd for Iphigene Ochs Sulzberger, daughter of Adolph Ochs and wife of Arthur Sulzberger, patrons of the expedition.</p><br>
<h4>Marujupu Peak</h4><br>
<p>Marujupu Peak () is a conspicuous nunatak standing above the main flow of Ochs Glacier, between Mount Iphigene and Mount Ferranto. Discovered and so named by Richard Evelyn Byrd on the Byrd Antarctic Expedition flight of December 5, 1929. Marujupu combines the letters from the names of three daughters and a son of Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Sulzberger. The daughters are Marian, Ruth and Judy; Punch is the nickname of son Arthur. The Sulzbergers were patrons of the expedition.</p><br>
<h4>Mount Rea</h4><br>
<p>Mount Rea () is a prominent rock mountain with an imposing monolith on its west side called The Billboard, standing between Arthur Glacier and Boyd Glacier. It was discovered by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition on the Eastern Flight of December 5, 1929, and named by Byrd for Mr. and Mrs. Rea, of Pittsburgh, PA, contributors to the expedition.</p><br>
<p>The Karakul or Karakuli  is a lake located 196 km southwest of Kashgar, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. It is located in Akto County, Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture on the Karakoram Highway, before reaching Tashkurgan, the Khunjerab Pass on the China - Pakistan border and Sost in Pakistan.</p><br>
<p>At an altitude of 3,600 m, it is the highest lake of the Pamir plateau, near the junction of the Pamir, Tian Shan and Kunlun mountain ranges. Surrounded by mountains which remain snow-covered throughout the year, the three highest peaks visible from the lake are the Muztagh Ata (7,546 m), Kongur Tagh (7,649 m) and Kongur Tiube (7,530 m). The lake is popular among travellers for its beautiful scenery and the clarity of its reflection in the water, whose color ranges from a dark green to azure and light blue. There are two Kirgiz settlements along the shore of Karakul lake, a small number of yurts about 1 km east of the bus drop-off point and a village with stone houses located on the western shores.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<p>The Fort Mill Ridge Civil War Trenches are battle trenches originally dug between 1861 and 1862 and lined with chestnut logs by the Confederate artillery during the American Civil War to defend the approaches to Romney on the Northwestern Turnpike and the South Branch Potomac River. The trenches were then refurbished between March and June 1863 by the 54th Pennsylvania Infantry and the 1st West Virginia Infantry. When Colonel Jacob M. Campbell  garrisoned Union forces at Romney, camps were set up at nearby at Mechanicsburg Gap.</p><br>
<p>The Fort Mill Ridge trenches are believed to be the best preserved battle trenches dating from the Civil War in existence. The trenches are located three miles southwest of Romney adjacent to the Fort Mill Ridge Wildlife Management Area off of the Northwestern Turnpike (USA Route 50/West Virginia Route 28).</p><br>
<p>A Civil War museum relating to the construction and use of the Fort Mill Ridge trenches is located within the Taggart Hall Civil War Museum & Visitors Center on the corner of High Street and Gravel Lane in downtown Romney.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</p><br>
<p>Harrison Stickle is a fell in the central part of the English Lake District, situated above Great Langdale. The fell is one of the three  fells which make up the picturesque Langdale Pikes, the others being Pike of Stickle and Loft Crag. Together they make up one of the most picturesque, and probably the best-known, mountain groups in the District. A "stickle" is a hill with a prominent rocky top.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The Langdale Pikes form a raised rocky parapet around the southern and eastern edges of a high tableland centred upon Thunacar Knott. Harrison Stickle is the high point of this system and its crags fall south and east from the summit, presenting an arresting view from the valley floor 2,000 ft below, or from further afield.</p><br>
<p>To the north, the main ridge of the central fells passes over Thunacar Knott before climbing to High Raise. The craggy eastern face of this ridge continues north as far as Harrison&#39;s near neighbour, Pavey Ark, visually the most impressive face in the area. The south-western border of Harrison Stickle is formed by the deep ravine of Dungeon Ghyll, which cuts through the parapet of the Langdale Pikes and into the lower hinterland of Harrison Combe. Across the Ghyll westwards are Thorn Crag, Loft Crag and finally Pike of Stickle. Below the steep eastern face of Harrison Stickle lie Stickle Tarn and its ghyll, thus ensuring that all drainage from the fell is to Great Langdale. The tarn is a waterfilled corrie about 50 ft deep, this being enhanced by a dam. The water is used for public consumption in Great Langdale.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Harrison Stickles summit area is composed of the pebbly sandstone and breccia of the Pavey Ark Member. Several greenstone knapping sites have been found below the main peak, and following the strike of the tuff exploited at nearby Pike OStickle in the neolithic period. The sites on Pike O&#39;Stickle have been well described as the Langdale axe industry, but they have been found to be much more widespread than originally thought. The rock was roughly shaped on site, and then traded across the country, where the final polishing could be undertaken. Such polished axes have been found in Buckinghamshire for example as well as in East Anglia. The axes varied widely in size, shape and function, and most were designed to be fitted with either wooden or bone handles (using pointed butt ends or narrow waists).</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>The summit is a short rocky ridge with a cairn at each end, the northern one being higher. The view from Harrison Stickle is as good as the view of it — a surprisingly rare occurrence — with all of the major fell groups visible.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>The fell is usually climbed from New Dungeon Ghyll Hotel in Great Langdale, and there are a number of possible routes up. The simplest first follows Stickle Beck to Stickle Tarn; a path then leads up the western side of Pavey Ark to reach the summit. The fell is almost invariably combined with other nearby peaks to make a longer circular walk.</p><br>
<p>The Tabun Cave is an excavated site located at Nahal Me&#39;arot Nature Reserve, Israel and is one of Human Evolution sites at Mount Carmel, which were proclaimed as having universal value by UNESCO in 2012. The cave was occupied intermittently during the Lower and Middle Paleolithic . In the course of this period, deposits of sand, silt and clay of up to 25 m accumulated in the cave. Excavations suggest that it features one of the longest sequences of human occupation in the Levant.</p><br>
<p>The earliest and lowest deposits in the cave contain large amounts of sea sand. This, and pollen traces found, suggests a relatively warm climate at the time. The melting glaciers which covered large parts of the globe caused the sea level to rise and the Mediterranean coastline to recede. The Coastal Plain was then narrower than it is today, and was covered with savannah vegetation. The cave dwellers of that time used handaxes of flint or limestone for killing animals (gazelle, hippopotamus, rhinoceros and wild cattle which roamed the Coastal Plain) and for digging out plant roots. As tools improved slowly over time, the hand axes became smaller and better shaped, and scrapers made of thick flakes chipped off flint cores were probably used for scraping meat off bones and for processing animal skins.</p><br>
<p>The upper levels in the Tabun Cave consist mainly of clay and silt, indicating that a colder, more humid climate prevailed as glaciers formed once more; this change yielded a wider coastal strip, covered by dense forests and swamps. The material remains from the upper strata of the cave are of the Mousterian culture (about 200,000 - 45,000 years ago). Small flint tools made of thin flakes predominate these levels, many produced using the Levallois technique. Tools typical of the Mousterian culture feature elongated points, and include flakes of various shapes used as scrapers, end scrapers and other denticulate tools used for cutting and sawing.</p><br>
<p>Arthur Jelinek’s 1967 to 1972 excavations of the cave yielded over 1,900 complete and partial bifaces. The bulk of the biface assemblage can be attributed to the Late Acheulian and Yabrudian industries.</p><br>
<p>The large number of fallow deer bones found in the upper layers of the Tabun Cave may be due to the chimney-like opening in the back of the cave which functioned as a natural trap. The animals may have been herded towards it, and fell into the cave where they were butchered.</p><br>
<p>The Tabun Cave contains a Neanderthal-type female, dated to about 120,000 years ago. It is one of the most ancient human skeletal remains found in Israel. A 2014 study of objects at Tabun suggests that Homo sapiens used fire at the site on a regular basis since about 350,000 years ago.</p><br>
<p>Panel2-tabun 1.jpgReplica of the fossil Tabun C1.</p><br>
<p>Handaxes Israel Tabun 1934-12-15 tray.jpgFive hand axes, excavated 1929-1934, British Museum</p><br>
